Kjaxono verbs: Difference between revisions
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* The '''irregularitive pattern''' describes any event that occurs or is finished at many moments in time, with the length of time between each event being irregular. | * The '''irregularitive pattern''' describes any event that occurs or is finished at many moments in time, with the length of time between each event being irregular. | ||
* The '''fragmentative pattern''' describes any event that occurs or is finished at many moments in time, but in short bursts, or fragments, with the length of time between each event being irregular. The fragmentative pattern is occasionally considered a subpattern within the irregularitive pattern, but this article will treat the fragmentative pattern as a seperate pattern. | * The '''fragmentative pattern''' describes any event that occurs or is finished at many moments in time, but in short bursts, or fragments, with the length of time between each event being irregular. The fragmentative pattern is occasionally considered a subpattern within the irregularitive pattern, but this article will treat the fragmentative pattern as a seperate pattern. | ||
Kjaxono verbs conjugate for the following tenses: | |||
* '''Tense''' | * '''Tense''' | ||
** ''[[W:Past tense|Past]]'' | ** ''[[W:Past tense|Past]]'' | ||
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** ''Irregularitive'' | ** ''Irregularitive'' | ||
** ''Fragmentative'' | ** ''Fragmentative'' | ||
Kjaxono verbs are unique cross-linguistically in that the full meaning that is conjugated for is only represented via the consonants, with the vowels in every slot except the verb stem being inserted to avoid consonant clusters. The vowel that is inserted into the verb depends on the vowel in the verb stem: if the verb stem has no vowel, /æ/ is the vowel that is inserted, if a verb stem has one vowel, the vowel that is in the verb stem is inserted, and in verb stems with more than one vowel, the final vowel of the verb stem is inserted. | |||
=== Verb structure === | === Verb structure === | ||
Kjaxono uses a variety of prefixes and suffixes to conjugate verbs. The following chart shows the maximum amount of affixes and alterations a verb in Kjaxono can take in their usual order. Note that in everyday speech, most Kjaxono verbs do not take the amount of forms that the table may suggest. | Kjaxono uses a variety of prefixes and suffixes to conjugate verbs. The following chart shows the maximum amount of affixes and alterations a verb in Kjaxono can take in their usual order. Note that in everyday speech, most Kjaxono verbs do not take the amount of forms that the table may suggest. | ||
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|+Kjaxono verb template | |+Kjaxono verb template | ||
!'''pC''' | !'''pC''' | ||
| rowspan="4" |'''(v)''' | |||
!TM | !TM | ||
| rowspan="4" |'''(V)''' | |||
!EV | !EV | ||
| rowspan=" | ! rowspan="4" |'''STEM''' | ||
| rowspan="4" |'''(V)<ref>The insertion of a vowel between the verb stem and the voice and pattern affix is less common than the rest. It is a promenant feature of the Aqcjam dialect.</ref>''' | |||
!VP | !VP | ||
!A | !A | ||
| rowspan="4" |'''(V)''' | |||
!'''pC''' | !'''pC''' | ||
|- | |- | ||
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!5 | !5 | ||
!6 | !6 | ||
! | |} | ||
Only the tense and mood affix is required to be present within a Kjaxono verb. This is what is most commonly employed, though in semi-formal and formal speech more inflection is used. | |||
== Polypersonal marking == | |||
Regardless of scale, Kjaxono verbs take the following markings to indicate the subject and object of the verb. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ | |||
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" | | |||
! colspan="2" |Subject | |||
! rowspan="9" | | |||
! colspan="2" |Object | |||
|- | |||
!Singular | |||
!Plural | |||
!Singular | |||
!Plural | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="5" |1p | |||
! rowspan="3" |Kjarelen | |||
!Masculine | |||
|gq- | |||
|gj- | |||
| -ŋ | |||
| -g | |||
|- | |||
!Feminine | |||
|c- | |||
|cj- | |||
| -ż | |||
| -d | |||
|- | |||
!Neuter | |||
|p- | |||
|pj- | |||
| -b | |||
| -bh | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Non-kjarelen | |||
!'''N/A''' | |||
|k- | |||
! colspan="2" |'''N/A''' | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" |Inanimate | |||
|d- | |||
|tj- | |||
| -m | |||
| -j | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="3" |2p | |||
|x- | |||
|xj- | |||
| -z | |||
| -zj | |||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="3" |3p | |||
|rq- | |||
|x̌q- | |||
| -n | |||
| -nj | |||
|} | |} | ||
== Transitive scale (Objective scale) == | == Transitive scale (Objective scale) == | ||