Kjaxono verbs: Difference between revisions

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In Kjaxono, two types of scales are used: the transitive and intransitive. The transitive scale is used primarily for transitive verbs, aswell as with volitive verbs. The intransitive scale, meanwhile, is used for intransitive verbs and involitive verbs. Translated from the [[Cjaingi Omacili]], the two scales in Kjaxono translate as the ''Objective scale'', and ''Non-objective'' (or ''anti-objective'') scale respectively. The objective scale and non-objective scale are what these are referred to by most linguists in [[Xjetjeŋ]]. The three subscales within are called the ''northern'' (qahaż), ''eastern'' (iemaqaż), and ''western'' (eameqeż) subscales. The northern subscale refers to verbs of any scale that start with front vowels, the eastern subscale refers to verbs of any scale that start with back vowels, and the western subscale refers to verbs that starts with consonants.

== ~~Other~~ terminology ==

== Specific terminology ==

== Overview ==

Kjaxono verbs ~~conjugate for all of the~~ features ~~listed below~~.

Kjaxono verbs are usually constructed agglutinatively, though they show many fusional features.

The ~~Imperative~~ mood has two seperate submoods: the hard and soft. Typically, the hard imperative is used by people of higher social classes to people of lower social status (an example being an employer to an employee), by parents to children, etc. The soft imperative is used far more commonly, and acts as a more polite and formal version of the latter. Person marking in verbs can also specify the nature of definiteness in the pronoun. This feature - sometimes termed ''verbal personal definiteness'' - has little if any equivelance in any other natural language.

The ''imperative mood'' has two seperate submoods: the hard and soft. Typically, the hard imperative is used by people of higher social classes to people of lower social status (an example being an employer to an employee), by parents to children, etc. The soft imperative is used far more commonly, and acts as a more polite and formal version of the latter. Person marking in verbs can also specify the nature of definiteness in the pronoun. This feature - sometimes termed ''verbal personal definiteness'' - has little if any equivelance in any other natural language.

The perfect tense has 5 different forms ~~that~~ are conveyed ~~mostly~~ via the preverb slot of Kjaxono's verb template. The individual perfect subtenses are sometimes considered tenses by themselves, but they do not vary morphologically except in the preverb.

The ''perfect tense'' has 5 different forms, of which are conveyed via the preverb slot of Kjaxono's verb template. The individual perfect subtenses are sometimes considered tenses by themselves, but they do not vary morphologically except in the preverb.

* '''Person'''

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** ''[[W:Grammatical aspect#Terms for various aspects|Stative]]''

** ''[[W:Gnomic aspect|Gnomic]]''

~~Verbs are constructed agglutinatively, though oftentimes they show fusional features.~~

=== Verb structure ===

Kjaxono uses a variety of prefixes and suffixes to conjugate verbs. The following chart shows the maximum amount of affixes and alterations a verb in Kjaxono can take in their usual order. Note that in everyday speech, most Kjaxono verbs do not take the amount of forms that the table may suggest.

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|-

| rowspan="2" |'''Preverb'''

| rowspan="2" |'''(Voice)'''

| rowspan="2" |''(Voice)''

| rowspan="2" |'''(Person)'''

| rowspan="2" |''(Person)''

| rowspan="2" |'''(Aspect)'''

| rowspan="2" |''(Aspect)''

| rowspan="2" |'''(Tense)'''

| rowspan="2" |''(Tense)''

| rowspan="2" |'''Tense'''

| rowspan="2" |'''Mood'''

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| rowspan="2" |'''Postverb'''

|-

|'''Definiteness'''

|''Definiteness''

|'''Indefiniteness'''

|''Indefiniteness''

|-

!''1''

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One will notice the prevelant double marking that Kjaxono verbs conjugate for.

In Kjaxono, preverbs serve many functions. In some subscales they are used to differentiate between different tenses (most notably each of the perfect tenses) but they serve other uses as well.

In Kjaxono, preverbs serve many functions. In some subscales they are used to differentiate between different tenses (most notably each of the perfect tenses) but they serve other uses as well. The existance of post-verbs universally is highly debated, but they are a prevelant feature of the [...] dialect, and are beginning to be used in mainstream dialects.

== Transitive scale (Objective scale) ==

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 In Kjaxono, two types of scales are used: the transitive and intransitive. The transitive scale is used primarily for transitive verbs, aswell as with volitive verbs. The intransitive scale, meanwhile, is used for intransitive verbs and involitive verbs. Translated from the [[Cjaingi Omacili]], the two scales in Kjaxono translate as the ''Objective scale'', and ''Non-objective'' (or ''anti-objective'') scale respectively. The objective scale and non-objective scale are what these are referred to by most linguists in [[Xjetjeŋ]]. The three subscales within are called the  ''northern'' (qahaż), ''eastern'' (iemaqaż), and ''western'' (eameqeż) subscales. The northern subscale refers to verbs of any scale that start with front vowels, the eastern subscale refers to verbs of any scale that start with back vowels, and the western subscale refers to verbs that starts with consonants.
-== Other terminology ==
+== Specific terminology ==
 == Overview ==
-Kjaxono verbs conjugate for all of the features listed below.
+Kjaxono verbs are usually constructed agglutinatively, though they show many fusional features.
-The Imperative mood has two seperate submoods: the hard and soft. Typically, the hard imperative is used by people of higher social classes to people of lower social status (an example being an employer to an employee), by parents to children, etc. The soft imperative is used far more commonly, and acts as a more polite and formal version of the latter. Person marking in verbs can also specify the nature of definiteness in the pronoun. This feature - sometimes termed ''verbal personal definiteness'' - has little if any equivelance in any other natural language.
+The ''imperative mood'' has two seperate submoods: the hard and soft. Typically, the hard imperative is used by people of higher social classes to people of lower social status (an example being an employer to an employee), by parents to children, etc. The soft imperative is used far more commonly, and acts as a more polite and formal version of the latter. Person marking in verbs can also specify the nature of definiteness in the pronoun. This feature - sometimes termed ''verbal personal definiteness'' - has little if any equivelance in any other natural language.
-The perfect tense has 5 different forms that are conveyed mostly via the preverb slot of Kjaxono's verb template. The individual perfect subtenses are sometimes considered tenses by themselves, but they do not vary morphologically except in the preverb.
+The ''perfect tense'' has 5 different forms, of which are conveyed via the preverb slot of Kjaxono's verb template. The individual perfect subtenses are sometimes considered tenses by themselves, but they do not vary morphologically except in the preverb.
 * '''Person'''
@@ Line 56: / Line 56: @@
 ** ''[[W:Grammatical aspect#Terms for various aspects|Stative]]''
 ** ''[[W:Gnomic aspect|Gnomic]]''
-Verbs are constructed agglutinatively, though oftentimes they show fusional features.
 === Verb structure ===
 Kjaxono uses a variety of prefixes and suffixes to conjugate verbs. The following chart shows the maximum amount of affixes and alterations a verb in Kjaxono can take in their usual order. Note that in everyday speech, most Kjaxono verbs do not take the amount of forms that the table may suggest.
@@ Line 71: / Line 69: @@
 |-
 | rowspan="2" |'''Preverb'''
-| rowspan="2" |'''(Voice)'''
+| rowspan="2" |''(Voice)''
-| rowspan="2" |'''(Person)'''
+| rowspan="2" |''(Person)''
-| rowspan="2" |'''(Aspect)'''
+| rowspan="2" |''(Aspect)''
-| rowspan="2" |'''(Tense)'''
+| rowspan="2" |''(Tense)''
 | rowspan="2" |'''Tense'''
 | rowspan="2" |'''Mood'''
@@ Line 84: / Line 82: @@
 | rowspan="2" |'''Postverb'''
 |-
-|'''Definiteness'''
+|''Definiteness''
-|'''Indefiniteness'''
+|''Indefiniteness''
 |-
 !''1''
@@ Line 105: / Line 103: @@
 One will notice the prevelant double marking that Kjaxono verbs conjugate for.
-In Kjaxono, preverbs serve many functions. In some subscales they are used to differentiate between different tenses (most notably each of the perfect tenses) but they serve other uses as well.
+In Kjaxono, preverbs serve many functions. In some subscales they are used to differentiate between different tenses (most notably each of the perfect tenses) but they serve other uses as well. The existance of post-verbs universally is highly debated, but they are a prevelant feature of the [...] dialect, and are beginning to be used in mainstream dialects.
 == Transitive scale (Objective scale) ==