Hngatil grammar: Difference between revisions

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This article provides an overview of the grammar of the [[Hngatil language]], a language spoken by 100,000 people in central and northwestern [[Azkali]].

== Verbs ==

Verbs are the most inflecting part of speech in Hngatil. Verbs in Hngatil are composed of a ''stem'', containing the core meaning of the verb, and a series of prefixes and suffixes that convey the inflection. Only the verb stem is required, but is it very rare for only a verb stem to be used. The order in which affixes and the verb stem occur in is regular, and is represented by the chart below.

{| class="wikitable"

|+Hngatil verb template

|Mood prefix

!Verb stem

|(Verb classifier)

|Aspect suffix

|-

!1

!2

!3

!4

|}

One of the main features that seperates Hngatil from other languages in Ukilen is it's lack of grammatical tense. Tense-like information is conveyed via lexical and grammatical aspect, of which there are many that convey tense-like information, and context.

=== Mood ===

Hngatil verbs conjugate for 5 moods:

# '''Indicative''' - used for factual statements from the viewpoint of the speaker

# '''Conditional''' - used for actions that are dependent on other actions

# '''Optative''' - used for actions that the speaker hopes to occur

# '''Presumptive''' - used for actions that are presumed or theorized to happen

# '''Inferrential''' - used for actions that the speaker has not personally witnessed

=== Aspect ===

Hngatil verbs conjugate for 16 aspects:

# '''Perfective''' - an action viewed without internal structure, i.e as a whole

# '''Momentane''' - a sudden action

# '''Prospective''' - an action describing an event that occurs subsequently to a time or another verb

# '''Habitual''' - an action which regularly, habitually, occurs

# '''Progressive''' - an action that is ongoing and changing

# '''Stative''' - an action that is ongoing and not changing

# '''Gnomic''' - an action viewed as a general truth

# '''Continuative''' - an action that is still happening given to a reference time

# '''Inchoative''' - an action that is the beginning of a new static state of being

# '''Cessative''' - an action that is the end of a static state of being

# '''Iterative''' - an action that is repeated, with particular focus on the repeats

# '''Segmentative''' - an action that is repeated, emphasizing the action as a whole

# '''Revisionary''' - an action that is being returned to from a different action or state

# '''Serial''' - an action that is repeated, consisting of seperate distinct actions

# '''Reversative''' - an action involving the change of direction or intent

# '''Distributive''' - an action that occurs or is done or happens to/by a group or location

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 This article provides an overview of the grammar of the [[Hngatil language]], a language spoken by 100,000 people in central and northwestern [[Azkali]].
+== Verbs ==
+Verbs are the most inflecting part of speech in Hngatil. Verbs in Hngatil are composed of a ''stem'', containing the core meaning of the verb, and a series of prefixes and suffixes that convey the inflection. Only the verb stem is required, but is it very rare for only a verb stem to be used. The order in which affixes and the verb stem occur in is regular, and is represented by the chart below.
+{| class="wikitable"
+|+Hngatil verb template
+|Mood prefix
+!Verb stem
+|(Verb classifier)
+|Aspect suffix
+|-
+!1
+!2
+!3
+!4
+|}
+One of the main features that seperates Hngatil from other languages in Ukilen is it's lack of grammatical tense. Tense-like information is conveyed via lexical and grammatical aspect, of which there are many that convey tense-like information, and context.
+=== Mood ===
+Hngatil verbs conjugate for 5 moods:
+# '''Indicative''' - used for factual statements from the viewpoint of the speaker
+# '''Conditional''' - used for actions that are dependent on other actions
+# '''Optative''' - used for actions that the speaker hopes to occur
+# '''Presumptive''' - used for actions that are presumed or theorized to happen
+# '''Inferrential''' - used for actions that the speaker has not personally witnessed
+=== Aspect ===
+Hngatil verbs conjugate for 16 aspects:
+# '''Perfective''' - an action viewed without internal structure, i.e as a whole
+# '''Momentane''' - a sudden action
+# '''Prospective''' - an action describing an event that occurs subsequently to a time or another verb
+# '''Habitual''' - an action which regularly, habitually, occurs
+# '''Progressive''' - an action that is ongoing and changing
+# '''Stative''' - an action that is ongoing and not changing
+# '''Gnomic''' - an action viewed as a general truth
+# '''Continuative''' - an action that is still happening given to a reference time
+# '''Inchoative''' - an action that is the beginning of a new static state of being
+# '''Cessative''' - an action that is the end of a static state of being
+# '''Iterative''' - an action  that is repeated, with particular focus on the repeats
+# '''Segmentative''' - an action that is repeated, emphasizing the action as a whole
+# '''Revisionary''' - an action that is being returned to from a different action or state
+# '''Serial''' - an action that is repeated, consisting of seperate distinct actions
+# '''Reversative''' - an action involving the change of direction or intent
+# '''Distributive''' - an action that occurs or is done or happens to/by a group or location