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| {{Infobox:Language|LanguageName=Baphian|NativeLanguage={{Ukilen|BAFI}}|Speakers=172 million|OfficialLanguage=[[Baphia]], [[Jkawi]], [[Union of the Bellic Islands|Union]]|LanguageFamily=[[Proto-Ukilen]]|WritingSystem=[[Ukilen logographs]] rarely mixed with [[Noellastani language#Orthography|Noellastani alphabet]]|RegulatedBy=University of Turku|3LetterCode=BPH-BPH as the standard, check [[Baphian language#Codes|here]]}}Baphian ('''{{Ukilen|BAFI}}''Bafi tilye'' [ba.ˈfi tiɭ.ˈje]) is a dialectal continuum spoken throughout much of [[Ukilen]] and [[Brausia]] and the rest of the world. It is the majority and official language in [[Baphia]], as well as being official minority languages in [[Union of the Bellic Islands|Union]], [[Cring]], and [[Jkawi]]. It is also an unofficial minority language in [[Sunteria]], [[Kgokkonitlag]], and [[Azkali]].
| | Baphian is a group of languages spoken throughout most of [[Ukilen]] and [[Brausia]]. It is spoken natively by most [[Kaneedkind|kaneeds]] with the exception of Kzmr. It is a part of the [[proto-Ukilen]] language family. |
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| In most ways, especially academic, [[Turku]] Baphian is considered the standard.
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| == History ==
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| The history of Baphian is several millennia long and widely debated. Few things are agreed upon in its history - those being that the dialects are very old, and came from a shared proto-language, [[Proto-Ukilen]]. Most languages on [[Ukilen]] are related to [[Proto-Ukilen]], with few exceptions.
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| == Phonology == | | == Phonology == |
| Baphian syllables are CVC with the only exception being /j/, /w/, and /ɺ/, which can go after the first consonant.
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| === Vowels === | | === Vowels === |
| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+
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| !
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| !Front
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| !Central
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| !Back
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| |-
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| !Close
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| |i
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| |u
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| |-
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| !Mid
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| |e
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| |ə
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| |o
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| |-
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| !Open
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| |a
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| |ɑ
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| |}
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| Baphian has 7 vowels and phonemic vowel length in some words of newer origin.
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| === Consonants ===
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+
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| !
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| !Labial
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| !Coronal
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| !Dorsal
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| !Laryngeal
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| |-
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| !Nasal
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| |m
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| |n
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| |ŋ
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| |-
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| !Plosive
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| |p b
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| |t d
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| |k g
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| |ʔ<ref>Only used in loan words and onomatopoeia.</ref>
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| |-
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| !Affricate
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| |tɕ dʑ
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| |-
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| !Fricative
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| |f v
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| |ð
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| |x
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| |h
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| |-
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| !Silibant
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| |s z
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| |ɕ ʑ
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| |-
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| !Approx.
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| |w
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| |ɺ, ɭ
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| |j
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| |}
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| == Orthography ==
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| Baphian is near exclusively written in [[Ukilen logographs]] and rarely mixed with [[Noellastani language|Noellastani alphabet]]. Noellastani alphabet is usually only used for grammatical constructions, names, both of places and people, and onomatopoeia, but even in some cases the logography covers these.
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+Romanisation
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| |IPA
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| |NLS
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| |Latin
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| |-
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| |m
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|M}}</small>
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| |m
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| |-
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| |n
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|N}}</small>
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| |n
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| |-
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| |ŋ
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|Ñ}}</small>
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| |ng
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| |-
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| |p
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|P}}</small>
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| |p
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| |-
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| |b
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|B}}</small>
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| |b
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| |-
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| |t
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|T}}</small>
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| |t
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| |-
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| |d
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|D}}</small>
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| |d
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| |-
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| |k
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| |'''{{Ukilen|K}}'''
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| |k
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| |-
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| |g
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|G}}</small>
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| |g
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| |-
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| |ʔ*
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|<nowiki>;</nowiki>}}</small>
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| |'
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| |-
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| |ɕ
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|Ś}}</small>
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| |sh
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| |-
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| |ʑ
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|ZH}}</small>
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| |zh
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| |-
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| |tɕ
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|C}}</small>
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| |c
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| |-
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| |dʑ
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|JH}}</small>
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| |j
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| |-
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| |f
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|F}}</small>
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| |f, ph*
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| |-
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| |v
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|V}}</small>
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| |v
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| |-
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| |ð
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|DH}}</small>
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| |dh
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| |-
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| |x
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|X}}</small>
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| |kh
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| |-
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| |h
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|H}}</small>
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| |h
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| |-
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| |s
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|S}}</small>
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| |s
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| |-
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| |z
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|Z}}</small>
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| |z
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| |-
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| |w
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|W}}</small>
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| |w, v
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| |-
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| |ɭ, ɺ
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|L R}}</small>
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| |l, r<ref>"ɭ" is only in coda, as well its used in loan words, historical reasons and onomatopoeia.</ref>
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| |-
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| |j
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|J}}</small>
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| |y
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| |}
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+Romanization
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| |IPA
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| |NLS
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| |Latin
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| |-
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| |i
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|I}}</small>
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| |i
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| |-
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| |e
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|E}}</small>
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| |e
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| |-
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| |a
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|A}}</small>
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| |a
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| |-
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| |u
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|U}}</small>
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| |u
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| |-
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| |o
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|O}}</small>
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| |o
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| |-
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| |ɑ
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|Á}}</small>
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| |ah
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| |-
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| |ə
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| |<small>'''{{Ukilen|Ë}}</small>
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| |ë
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| |}
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| == Grammar ==
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+Noun/Adjective Structure
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| !1
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| !2
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| !3
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| !4
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| |-
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| |'''Stem'''
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| |Case
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| |Number
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| |Definitive
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| |}
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| The Baphian dialects are unique in that they do not treat adjectives and nouns differently, as in nouns can be adjectives and adjectives can be nouns. for example; cëzhyu (/tɕə.ˈʑju/) can be used as 'the red one' or be used to describe something as red as in 'cëzhyumu mezye' (/tɕə.ˈʑju.ˈmu me.ˈzje/), red hair, or nemuk (/ne.ˈmuk/), stick, being used to describe something narrow or just a plain tree branch.
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+Verb Structure
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| !1
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| !2
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| !3
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| !4
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| !5
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| ! rowspan="2" |
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| !B
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| |-
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| |Mood
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| |'''Stem'''
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| |Tense
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| |Aspect/Voice
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| |Negative
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| |Conditional
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| |}
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| == Syntax ==
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| Baphian has theoretically free word order, although the most common one in both colloquial and formal speech is Subject-Object-Verb. Possessors precede possesses, and adjectives are before the noun they modify. These traits have been inherited from [[Proto-Ukilen]].
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| === Adjectives ===
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| Adjectives in Baphian can be pretty much any word, with incredibly few exceptions, as long as it as the vocative marker ending, for example diŋ.ˈgje.mu dʑaŋ.ˈhan, meaning something like the beast-like soul or cat-like soul.
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| == Dialects ==
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| == Vocabulary ==
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| Baphian has 2 major sources of non-native vocabulary that can be directly attested, a lot of colloquial words are from [[Jkawi language|Jkawi]] due to the huge influence from both the language and [[Shidamism]], as well as from [[Jyosti language|Jyosti]], due to cultural significance of both the language and islands of [[Jyosti Islands|Jyosti]]. There are minor borrowings from [[Kzmr language|Kzmr]], [[Azkali language|Azkali]] and [[Loremese language|Loremese]] as well, usually only dialectally. For example, Turku Baphian has many borrowings from [[Azkali language|Azkali]] due to the large influence from both the language and culture of the city, while Bongsibon Baphian has many Loremese borrowings due to trade.
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| === Word Formation ===
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| Baphian forms new words fairly easily due to it being an agglutinative language, but there are some rules.
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| === The definitive ===
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| The definitive in Baphian is a fairly new development, past 100-200 years ago, and mostly only in areas where Azkali is spoken a lot (Turku, Bongsibon, Near the Azkali border, etc.). It is most certainly a borrowing, being the suffix "na", from Azkali's definitive circumfix "a...na". It is fairly controversial due to speciesism towards Azkali and Kali's in general, but is still widely accepted nonetheless.
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| == Registers ==
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| Registers are different for every Baphian dialect, but there are consistently at least 3, those being: Zukyu, "Expectation", or service/work register, Shipmu haste, "Fear of illness", or religious register, and Cëyasmu shinzang, "Jackal-like heart", or the High register, used by those mostly in positions of power.
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| === Zukyu ===
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| The Zukyu register is usually used by those in the service sector, like restaurants and stores. Usually, people speaking Zukyu use more polite, indirect and broad language, they also tend to never use the first person pronoun, unless admitting fault. It is theorized that Zukyu developed from the speech of concubines from as far back as the Bongsibon raid era.
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| === Shipmu Haste ===
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| Shipmu haste is usually spoken by priests or religious people, and is pretty much used by everyone of every religion. It is widely considered the liturgical register of Baphian and all translations of religious materials are in this register. Shipmu haste is different mostly with vocabulary and how it treats syntax. Speakers of Shipmu haste are widely considered to sound like a lunatic, and speaking Shipmu haste outside of religious settings is usually considered to make you sound pedantic, uptight, and crazy. It is widely agreed that Shipmu haste came from a heavily mistranslated version of Shidamist and Saulist texts, giving Shipmu haste its heavy use of Jkawi and Loremese words. It's also widely agreed that because of the register's origin, the name itself comes from a mistranslation from a saulist text that was something like "Speak like me or die of sickness".
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| === Cëyasmu Shinzang ===
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| Cëyasmu shinzang is usually spoken by politicians and those of higher classes.
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| == Codes ==
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| |+
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| |BPH-BPH
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| |Standard code for Standard Baphian
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| |-
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| |BPH-TRK
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| |Standard code for Turku Baphian, not Standard Baphian
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| |-
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| |BPH-NB
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| |Standard code for North Baphian
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| |-
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| |BPH-HLI
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| |Standard code for [[Hallusian language|Hallei]]
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| |-
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| |BPH-YMH
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| |Standard code for [[Yamahat language|Yamahat]]
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| |-
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| |BPH-JYS
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| |Standard code for Jyosti Baphian, not [[Jyosti language|Jyosti]]
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| |-
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| |BPH-KZM
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| |Standard code for Kzmr Baphian, not [[Kzmr language|Kzmr]]
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| |-
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| |BPH-JKA
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| |Standard code for Jkawi Baphian, not [[Jkawi language|Jkawi]]
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| |-
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| |BPH-UNI
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| |Standard code for Union Baphian
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| |}
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