Library of Turku

Azkali language: Difference between revisions

← Older editNewer edit →
imported>Photosynthesis bisectors
VisualWikitext
imported>Photosynthesis bisectors
imported>Photosynthesis bisectors
Line 130: Line 130:
! rowspan="2" |'''[[W:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]'''
! rowspan="2" |'''[[W:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]'''
|-
|-
![[W:Laminal consonant|Lamino-dental]]
![[W:Laminal consonant|Lamino-]]
![[W:Apical consonant|Apico-alveolar]]
[[W:Laminal consonant|dental]]
![[W:Apical consonant|Apico-]]
[[W:Apical consonant|alveolar]]
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |'''[[W:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]'''
! colspan="2" |'''[[W:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]'''
|m
|'''m'''
/m/
|
|
|n
|'''n'''
/n/
|
|
|ɲ
|'''gn'''
|ŋ
/ɲ/
|'''ng'''
/ŋ/
|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |'''[[W:Plosive|Plosive]]'''
! colspan="2" |'''[[W:Plosive|Plosive]]'''
|p
|'''p'''
|t
/p/
|'''t'''
'''/t/'''
|
|
|
|
|c
|'''ch'''
|k
/c/
|'''k'''
/k/
|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |'''[[W:Affricate|Affricate]]'''
! colspan="2" |'''[[W:Affricate|Affricate]]'''
|
|
|t̪s̻
|'''tz'''
|t̺s̺  
/t̪s̻/
|'''ts'''
/t̺s̺/
|
|
|t͡ʃ
|'''ch'''
|ɡʟ̝  
/tʃ/
|'''g'''
/g, ɡʟ̝/
|
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |'''[[W:Fricative|Fricative]]'''
! rowspan="2" |'''[[W:Fricative|Fricative]]'''
!'''Voiceless'''
!<sub>[[W:Voicelessness|voiceless]]</sub>
|
|
|s̻
|'''z'''
|s̺
'''/'''s̻/
|θ
|'''s'''
|ʃ
/s̺/
|'''th'''
/θ/
|'''sh'''
/ʃ/
|
|
| rowspan="2" |h
| rowspan="2" |'''h'''
/h~ɦ/
|-
|-
!'''Voiced'''
!<sub>[[W:Voice (phonetics)|voiced]]</sub>
|
|
|z̻
|
|z̺
|
|ð
|'''dh'''
/ð/
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |'''[[W:Approximant|Approximant]]'''
! colspan="2" |'''[[W:Approximant|Approximant]]'''
| colspan="2" |ɹ̠ʷ
|'''rr, r'''
|l
/ɹ̠ʷ/
|
|'''l'''
'''/'''l/
|
|
|j
|'''j, y'''
/j/
|
|
|
|
Line 189: Line 213:
|
|
|
|
|ɾ
|'''r, rr'''
/ɾ/
|
|
|
|
Line 196: Line 221:
|}
|}
Generally, Azkali dialects are uniform in their consonant phonemes - though there are of course some minor differences in pronunciation between them.  
Generally, Azkali dialects are uniform in their consonant phonemes - though there are of course some minor differences in pronunciation between them.  
Uniquely, Azkali has a distinction between laminal and apical articulation in it's affricates and fricatives. With [s̻], the laminal alveolar voiceless fricative, friction occurs on the blade of the tongue; this is how most Ukilen and Brausian languages pronounce /s/. With [s̺], the apical alveolar voiceless fricative, friction occurs on the crest of the tongue. They are written like <z> and <nowiki><s> respectively. In addition, either of these two can be voiced, being written as <zz> and <ss> respectively. These four alveolar fricatives have been historically resistant to phonological evolution, with only a few dialects pronouncing them distinctly. This feature is often the most difficult aspect of Azkali to learn as a learner. This fact is often exploited in the creation of various shibboleths and slang dialects, a topic more carefully considered in the </nowiki>'''Argot''' section.


Unusually for Ukilen and Brausian languages, Azkali contains no trill phoneme. There is evidence showing that Medieval Azkali might have contained [r] as a phoneme; likewise, no significant dialect of Azkali has evolved to have [r] as a phoneme.
Unusually for Ukilen and Brausian languages, Azkali contains no trill phoneme. There is evidence showing that Medieval Azkali might have contained [r] as a phoneme; likewise, no significant dialect of Azkali has evolved to have [r] as a phoneme.
Line 296: Line 319:


== Grammar ==
== Grammar ==
''See main article: [[Azkali grammar]]''
Azkali is most often classified as an agglutinative language, though its verbs show a large amount of fusionality. Azkali nouns contain '''two definitenesses''' (Definite, and Indefinite), '''6 cases''' (Ergative, Absolutive, Dative, Instrumental, Possessive, and Privative), and '''three numbers''' (Singular, Paucal, and Plural). Azkali verbs conjugate for '''three or four tenses''' (the Far Past, Past, and Non Past, with a dialectal future construction) and '''3 moods''' (Indicative, Conditional, and the Imperative). Azkali verbs also contain 2 participle forms (Past and Present), the gerund, and the agentive.
Azkali is most often classified as an agglutinative language, though its verbs show a large amount of fusionality. Azkali nouns contain '''two definitenesses''' (Definite, and Indefinite), '''6 cases''' (Ergative, Absolutive, Dative, Instrumental, Possessive, and Privative), and '''three numbers''' (Singular, Paucal, and Plural). Azkali verbs conjugate for '''three or four tenses''' (the Far Past, Past, and Non Past, with a dialectal future construction) and '''3 moods''' (Indicative, Conditional, and the Imperative). Azkali verbs also contain 2 participle forms (Past and Present), the gerund, and the agentive.


Line 1,251: Line 1,276:


The G'torrugh register is difficult to learn for most Azkali speakers; a large amount of the colloquial register's vocabulary is replaced with words that are considered old, traditional, or out-of-style. In addition, there are several phonemes in G'torrugh that are not present in both Turruist and Colloquial Azkali - such as the glottal stop /ʔ/ and /g/.  
The G'torrugh register is difficult to learn for most Azkali speakers; a large amount of the colloquial register's vocabulary is replaced with words that are considered old, traditional, or out-of-style. In addition, there are several phonemes in G'torrugh that are not present in both Turruist and Colloquial Azkali - such as the glottal stop /ʔ/ and /g/.  
== Relation to other languages ==
Azkali is a language isolate, having seemingly no relation to other languages. An extremely closely related sister language/dialect, [[Ezkaudi (language)|Ezkaudi]], was commonly spoken from around 1000 AD up until 1950. The last known speaker of [[Ezkaudi]] died in 2009. Efforts to revitalize the language are ongoing; however, there are no recorded native speakers of [[Ezkaudi]] as of 2021.


== Argot ==
== Argot ==
Retrieved from "https://lot.icosahedr.online/wiki/Azkali_language"