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Azkali language: Difference between revisions

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Between 5 and 8 Azkali verbs fall into the first declension group. These constitute some of the most regularly used Azkali verbs. The exact number of verbs that fall into the first declension group is disputed, however five extremely common verbs, being ''isan, esan, hian, eikan,'' and ''rei -'' being ''to be, to eat, to speak, to drink,'' and ''to sleep'' respectively. Unlike most verbs, which fall into the second and third declension groups, verbs that fall under the first declension group face full marking regarding tense and mood.  The patterns in the first declension group have been long debated. In the past (i.e between the 1800s and 1980s), first declension group verbs were somewhat more regular. However, due to [[1980 Azkali Plague|the plague]], these forms have became extremely irregular, with few if any patterns between individual forms.  
Between 5 and 8 Azkali verbs fall into the first declension group. These constitute some of the most regularly used Azkali verbs. The exact number of verbs that fall into the first declension group is disputed, however five extremely common verbs, being ''isan, esan, hian, eikan,'' and ''rei -'' being ''to be, to eat, to speak, to drink,'' and ''to sleep'' respectively. Unlike most verbs, which fall into the second and third declension groups, verbs that fall under the first declension group face full marking regarding tense and mood.  The patterns in the first declension group have been long debated. In the past (i.e between the 1800s and 1980s), first declension group verbs were somewhat more regular. However, due to [[1980 Azkali Plague|the plague]], these forms have became extremely irregular, with few if any patterns between individual forms.  


The most irregular verb that falls under the first declension group is ''isan'' - to be. As described in the above chapters, this verb is extremely irregular, far more so than any other verb that falls under the first declension group. The following chart shows all possible finite conjugations for ''isan.'' The two defaults forms of to be - isan and etz - are not bolded. In order to negate isan, the vowel at the start of the stem is changed to <o> (eg. oz /ɤs̻/ - meaning they are not).
The most irregular verb that falls under the first declension group is ''isan'' - to be. As described in the above chapters, this verb is extremely irregular, far more so than any other verb that falls under the first declension group. The following chart shows all possible finite conjugations for ''isan.'' The two defaults forms of to be - isan and etz - are not bolded.  
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Isan
! colspan="3" |Singular
! colspan="3" |Singular
! rowspan="2" |Plural
! rowspan="2" |Plural
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|isan'''iss'''
|isan'''iss'''
|}
|}
In order to negate isan, the first vowel of the verb stem is changed to <o>. Thus, ''isan'' turns to ''osan'', ''nak etzkol'' turns to ''nak otzkol'', etc.
A chart that describes all possible affixes that first declension group verbs take is unfeasible, due to the irregularity. As such, this section will not show the forms in the 4-7 other verbs that are a part of the first declension group. Verbs that fall under the first declension group are by far the most tedious to learn for an Azkali learner, due to the widespread irregularity in their forms.  
A chart that describes all possible affixes that first declension group verbs take is unfeasible, due to the irregularity. As such, this section will not show the forms in the 4-7 other verbs that are a part of the first declension group. Verbs that fall under the first declension group are by far the most tedious to learn for an Azkali learner, due to the widespread irregularity in their forms.  


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The vast majority of Azkali verbs fall into the second declension group. Verbs that fall into the second declension group are far more regular than ones that fall into the first and third declension groups, having been simplified in common parlance post-plague. Verbs that fall into the second declension group constitute by number the largest amount of Azkali verbs. The nonfinite forms for second declension group verbs are identical to first declension group verbs.
The vast majority of Azkali verbs fall into the second declension group. Verbs that fall into the second declension group are far more regular than ones that fall into the first and third declension groups, having been simplified in common parlance post-plague. Verbs that fall into the second declension group constitute by number the largest amount of Azkali verbs. The nonfinite forms for second declension group verbs are identical to first declension group verbs.


The following chart can show the finite conjugations for verbs in the second declension group, using the verb ''reikil'' (to die) as an example:
The following chart shows the finite conjugations for verbs in the second declension group, using the verb ''reikil'' (to die) as an example:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|+
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Reikil
! colspan="3" |Singular
! colspan="3" |Singular
! rowspan="2" |Plural
! rowspan="2" |Plural
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Verbs that end with a vowel take somewhat different forms to avoid double vowels; they are usually treated as different realizations of the same affixes. An exception to this is the suffix '''-netsea''', contrasting with '''-etso''' for vowels with a consonant at the end. The following chart shows the conjugation for the verb ''giesu'' (to forget) as an example of this:
Verbs that end with a vowel take somewhat different forms to avoid double vowels; they are usually treated as different realizations of the same affixes. An exception to this is the suffix '''-netsea''', contrasting with '''-etso''' for vowels with a consonant at the end. The following chart shows the conjugation for the verb ''giesu'' (to forget) as an example of this:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Giesu
! colspan="3" |Singular
! colspan="3" |Singular
! rowspan="2" |Plural
! rowspan="2" |Plural
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| colspan="3" |giesu'''lomu'''
| colspan="3" |giesu'''lomu'''
|}
|}
The table that describes all possible affixes for second declension group verbs is shown below, including non-finite forms. Note how conditional verbs have the exact same markings as their indicative counterparts, with the addition of a particle '''nak''' before the verb. Some minor irregularities and incongruities between marking are present - e.g. the prescence of n in the past and far past forms of indicative verbs, and the prescence of p in non-past indicative verbs - however. Despite this, these forms are by far the easiest for an Azkali learner to learn.
The table that describes all affixes for second declension group verbs is shown below, including non-finite forms. Note how conditional verbs have the exact same markings as their indicative counterparts, with the addition of a particle '''nak''' before the verb. Some minor irregularities and incongruities between marking are present - e.g. the prescence of n in the past and far past forms of indicative verbs, and the prescence of p in non-past indicative verbs - however. Despite this, these forms are by far the easiest for an Azkali learner to learn.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
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!Hard
!Hard
! rowspan="2" |Ø
! rowspan="2" |Ø
| colspan="3" |
| colspan="3" | -aru, -laru
|-
|-
!Soft
!Soft
| colspan="3" |
| colspan="3" | -omu, -lomu
|-
|-
! colspan="6" |Nonfinite forms
! colspan="6" |Nonfinite forms
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|}
|}


==== Third declension group ====  
==== Third declension group ====
The third declension group almost solely comprises verbs that are derived from Oikan. Due to thousands of years of contact between the two languages, hundreds of verbs alone that are derived from Oikan are commonly used. These groups of verb's conjugation is very similar to Oikan. The table below shows the forms for the verb ''heudhun'', which is derived from [[Oikan]] ''hleudern'', both meaning "to mature", or "to grow up".
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Heudhun
! colspan="3" |Singular
! rowspan="2" |Plural
|-
!1st Person
!2nd Person
!3rd Person
|-
! rowspan="4" |'''Indicative'''
!Far past
| rowspan="2" |heudu'''tzen'''
| rowspan="2" |heudhu'''tz'''
| rowspan="2" |heudhu'''zt'''
| rowspan="2" |heudhu'''zte'''
|-
!Past
|-
!Non past
|heudhu'''mi'''
|heudhu'''zi'''
|heudhu'''ti'''
|heudhu'''moz'''
|-
!Future
|heudhu'''pumi'''
|heudhu'''puazi'''
|heudhu'''puati'''
|heudhu'''pumoz'''
|-
! rowspan="4" |'''Conditional'''
!Far past
| rowspan="2" |heudhu'''lazem'''
| rowspan="2" |heudhu'''laz'''
| rowspan="2" |heudhu'''lazt'''
| rowspan="2" |heudhu'''lazume'''
|-
!Past
|-
!Non past
|heudhu'''lumi'''
|heudhu'''lazi'''
|heudhu'''lati'''
|heudhu'''lomoz'''
|-
!Future
|heudhu'''pulumi'''
|heudhu'''puhelazi'''
|heudhu'''puhelati'''
|heudhu'''polomoz'''
|-
! rowspan="2" |'''Imperative'''
!Hard
! rowspan="2" |Ø
| colspan="3" |heudhun
|-
!Soft
| colspan="3" |heudhu'''pua'''
|}
As the table plainly shows, in third declension group verbs, two unique evolutions have occured: the far past and past tenses have merged, and the future tense of which is present in the other two declension groups only as a dialectal feature is fully present in all third declension group verbs. Not present in conditional verbs of the other two declension groups is the lack of the ''nak'' particle. The soft imperative marker -pua appears to be from the Oikan future imperative marker -bua. Generally, third declension group verbs are somewhat difficult to master, due to moderate amounts of irregularity between those verbs, and the incongruity between forming conditional verbs in the third declension group compared to the other two.
 
Other notable features of third declension group verbs include the fact that all finite markers involve the


==== Lack of aspect ====
==== Lack of aspect ====
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=== Abroad ===
=== Abroad ===


==== Allotian Azkali ====
==== Sunterian Azkali ====
One of the largest international dialects of Azkali is the Sunterian dialect of Azkali.


==== Baphian Azkali ====
==== Baphoturku Azkali ====


===== Turku Azkali =====
===== Allotian Azkali =====


==== Loremesian Azkali ====
==== Loremesian Azkali ====
==== Sunterian Azkali ====


== Vocabulary ==
== Vocabulary ==
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