Azkali language: Difference between revisions

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The oldest example of the Azkali language being written is from around 3000 BCE, in an ancient form of what is believed to be the [[Azkali alphabet]]. If true, this would make the Azkali alphabet one of the oldest extant writing systems in the world.

=== Proto Azkali (6000-7000 BCE) ===

=== Proto Azkali (6000-7000 BCE?) ===

=== Early Azkali (500 BCE) ===

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==== Standard Azkali (2016 AD) ====

=== Current evolution ===

== Phonology ==

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==== T-V Distinction ====

While Standard Azkali does not feature a true [[W:T-V distinction|T-V distinction]], there is a growing trend of using new invented pronouns to distinguish familiarity or respect. This started in the late 60's and early 70's in [[Otzeipao]], following the establishment of the [[Azkali|Azkali State]]. Nowadays, this phenomenon has spread to most cities within Azkali. These pronouns usually change between region, city, or neighborhood - however, generally, they follow the forms listed in the following chart. Respective pronouns use the standard pronouns.

While Standard Azkali does not feature a true [[W:T-V distinction|T-V distinction]], there is a growing trend of using new invented pronouns to distinguish familiarity or respect. This started in the late 60's and early 70's in [[Otzeipao]], following the establishment of the [[Azkali|Azkali State]] (due to Azkali's vocabulary being extremely open class, this has been readily accepted). Nowadays, this phenomenon has spread to most cities within Azkali. These pronouns usually change between region, city, or neighborhood - however, generally, they follow the forms listed in the following chart. Respective pronouns use the standard pronouns.

{| class="wikitable"

|+Familiar pronouns

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{| class="wikitable"

|+Azkali noun template

!1A

!A

! rowspan="2" |

!1b

!1

!2

!3

!1B

!1c

!4

|-

|(Indefinite article particle)

|(Definite article)

|Specificity

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==== Articles ====

There are two main articles in Azkali that are used, being the definite and indefinite articles respectively. The indefinite article is usually not marked, and is treated as the default article. If clarification is needed, a particle '''than''' is inserted. The definite article is marked via a circumfix '''a- (...) -(n)a.'''

There are two main articles in Azkali that are used - being the definite and indefinite articles respectively. The indefinite article is usually not marked, and is treated as the default article. If clarification is needed, a particle '''than''' is inserted. The definite article is marked via a circumfix '''a- (...) -(n)a'''. [[Baphian language|Baphian]] marks definiteness via a suffix -na, which is almost certainly believed to be derived from the Azkali definite article.

=== Verbs ===

Azkali verbs, unlike nouns, are more fusional than nouns, of which are decisively agglutinative.

Azkali verbs, unlike nouns, are more fusional than nouns, of which are decisively agglutinative. As shown in the chart in '''Theory''', verbs take direct marking for tense, mood, and voice, with aspect and evidentiality being conveyed via auxiliary verbs and or particles.

==== Copula ====

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=== Word Order ===

The word order of Azkali in a given sentence varies by context and dialect. A given Azkali sentence usually follows a ''~~Subject-Verb-Object~~'' word order. However, the word order is much freer than in other Ukilen languages. The role of the noun is mostly determined by its position within the sentence - e.g. the most salient topic within the sentence is shifted to the front, and visa versa.

The word order of Azkali in a given sentence varies by context and dialect. A given Azkali sentence usually follows a '''SVO''' word order. However, the word order is much freer than in other Ukilen languages. The role of the noun is mostly determined by its position within the sentence - e.g. the most salient topic within the sentence is shifted to the front, and visa versa.

== Dialects ==

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== Vocabulary ==

Approximately 60% percent of Azkali's vocabulary comes from Proto-Azkali, 21% being from an unknown language (thought to be an extant Paleo-Azkali language). In the remaining 19%, some 12% come from [[Oikan]], 4% comes from Loremesian (most likely due to trading and long term contact between the speakers of Loremesian and Azkali), 2.5% are from Paleo-Azkali languages, and the remaining 0.5% are from the G'torrugh register.

Azkali's vocabulary is extremely open class; new nouns, verbs, and pronouns are constantly being derived and used by speakers of Azkali. Other types of words, even including grammatical affixes, prepositions, and so on, are also open class, though not as much as nouns.

=== Common words and phrases ===

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 The oldest example of the Azkali language being written is from around 3000 BCE, in an ancient form of what is believed to be the [[Azkali alphabet]]. If true, this would make the Azkali alphabet one of the oldest extant writing systems in the world.
-=== Proto Azkali (6000-7000 BCE) ===
+=== Proto Azkali (6000-7000 BCE?) ===
 === Early Azkali (500 BCE) ===
@@ Line 28: / Line 28: @@
 ==== Standard Azkali (2016 AD) ====
+=== Current evolution ===
 == Phonology ==
@@ Line 402: / Line 404: @@
 ==== T-V Distinction ====
-While Standard Azkali does not feature a true [[W:T-V distinction|T-V distinction]], there is a growing trend of using new invented pronouns to distinguish familiarity or respect. This started in the late 60's and early 70's in [[Otzeipao]], following the establishment of the [[Azkali|Azkali State]]. Nowadays, this phenomenon has spread to most cities within Azkali. These pronouns usually change between region, city, or neighborhood - however, generally, they follow the forms listed in the following chart. Respective pronouns use the standard pronouns.
+While Standard Azkali does not feature a true [[W:T-V distinction|T-V distinction]], there is a growing trend of using new invented pronouns to distinguish familiarity or respect. This started in the late 60's and early 70's in [[Otzeipao]], following the establishment of the [[Azkali|Azkali State]] (due to Azkali's vocabulary being extremely open class, this has been readily accepted). Nowadays, this phenomenon has spread to most cities within Azkali. These pronouns usually change between region, city, or neighborhood - however, generally, they follow the forms listed in the following chart. Respective pronouns use the standard pronouns.
 {| class="wikitable"
 |+Familiar pronouns
@@ Line 541: / Line 543: @@
 {| class="wikitable"
 |+Azkali noun template
-!1A
+!A
+! rowspan="2" |
+!1b
 !1
 !2
 !3
-!1B
+!1c
 !4
 |-
+|(Indefinite article particle)
 |(Definite article)
 |Specificity
@@ Line 854: / Line 859: @@
 ==== Articles ====
-There are two main articles in Azkali that are used, being the definite and indefinite articles respectively. The indefinite article is usually not marked, and is treated as the default article. If clarification is needed, a particle '''than''' is inserted. The definite article is marked via a circumfix '''a- (...) -(n)a.'''
+There are two main articles in Azkali that are used - being the definite and indefinite articles respectively. The indefinite article is usually not marked, and is treated as the default article. If clarification is needed, a particle '''than''' is inserted. The definite article is marked via a circumfix '''a- (...) -(n)a'''. [[Baphian language|Baphian]] marks definiteness via a suffix -na, which is almost certainly believed to be derived from the Azkali definite article.
 === Verbs ===
-Azkali verbs, unlike nouns, are more fusional than nouns, of which are decisively agglutinative.
+Azkali verbs, unlike nouns, are more fusional than nouns, of which are decisively agglutinative. As shown in the chart in '''Theory''', verbs take direct marking for tense, mood, and voice, with aspect and evidentiality being conveyed via auxiliary verbs and or particles.
 ==== Copula ====
@@ Line 914: / Line 919: @@
 === Word Order ===
-The word order of Azkali in a given sentence varies by context and dialect. A given Azkali sentence usually follows a ''Subject-Verb-Object'' word order. However, the word order is much freer than in other Ukilen languages. The role of the noun is mostly determined by its position within the sentence - e.g. the most salient topic within the sentence is shifted to the front, and visa versa.
+The word order of Azkali in a given sentence varies by context and dialect. A given Azkali sentence usually follows a '''SVO''' word order. However, the word order is much freer than in other Ukilen languages. The role of the noun is mostly determined by its position within the sentence - e.g. the most salient topic within the sentence is shifted to the front, and visa versa.
 == Dialects ==
@@ Line 944: / Line 949: @@
 == Vocabulary ==
 Approximately 60% percent of Azkali's vocabulary comes from Proto-Azkali, 21% being from an unknown language (thought to be an extant Paleo-Azkali language). In the remaining 19%, some 12% come from [[Oikan]], 4% comes from Loremesian (most likely due to trading and long term contact between the speakers of Loremesian and Azkali), 2.5% are from Paleo-Azkali languages, and the remaining 0.5% are from the G'torrugh register.
+Azkali's vocabulary is extremely open class; new nouns, verbs, and pronouns are constantly being derived and used by speakers of Azkali. Other types of words, even including grammatical affixes, prepositions, and so on, are also open class, though not as much as nouns.
 === Common words and phrases ===