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Azkali language: Difference between revisions

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Main article: ''[[Azkali rhotic-switching]]''
Main article: ''[[Azkali rhotic-switching]]''


In Azkali, the two rhotic phonemes, /ɾ/ and /ɹ̠ʷ/, representing the letters <r> and <rr> respectively, often switch pronunciation. This is most evident in the Turruist register, in which the pronunciations of <r> and <rr> are virtually impossible to pronounce via spelling alone. This also occurs in Colloquial Azkali dialects, albeit to a much lesser extent. This switching is triggered oftentimes via nearby words and grammatical particles.
In Azkali, the two rhotic phonemes, /ɾ/ and /ɹ̠ʷ/ - representing the letters <r> and <rr> respectively - often switch pronunciation. This is most evident in the Turruist register, in which the pronunciations of <r> and <rr> are virtually impossible to pronounce via spelling alone. This also occurs in Colloquial Azkali dialects, albeit to a much lesser extent. This switching is triggered oftentimes via nearby words and grammatical particles.


=== Syllable structure ===
=== Syllable structure ===
Generally, Azkali syllables are (C)(C)V(C). Very few consonants can cluster with each other, even when crossing syllable boundaries. The table below shows what consonants can cluster with each other.
Generally, Azkali syllables are (C)(C)V(C). Very few consonants can cluster with each other, even when crossing syllable boundaries. The table below shows what consonants can cluster with each other.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|+Consonant clusters in Azkali
!
!
!s̻
!s̻
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|Ø
|Ø
|}
|}
Only the first sound of the mutated word is pronounced differently as a result of mutation. Sounds that are not on this chart do not face mutation.


=== Pronouns ===
=== Pronouns ===


==== T-V Distinction ====
==== T-V Distinction ====
While Standard Azkali does not feature a true T-V distinction, there is a growing trend of using new invented pronouns to distinguish familiarity or respect. This trend started in the 1970s, following the establishment of the [[Azkali|Azkali State]]. These pronouns usually change between region, city, or neighborhood - however, generally, they follow the forms listed in the following chart. Respective pronouns use the standard pronouns.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Familiar pronouns
!
!2nd
!3rd
|-
|'''Nominative'''
|juli
|luikui
|-
|'''Accusative'''
|julen
|luikien
|-
|'''Dative'''
|juliet
|luitu
|-
|'''Ablative'''
|jukiz
|luiz
|-
|'''Possessive'''
|jeuk
|luikiz
|-
|'''Privative'''
|jukez
|luimez
|}


==== Demonstrative Pronouns ====
==== Demonstrative pronouns ====


==== Personal Pronouns ====
==== Personal pronouns ====
Personal pronouns differentiate between all 6 cases and the singular and plural numbers. Notably, paucal numbers are expressed the same as plural numbers for pronouns: the origin of this rule is unknown. The personal pronouns feature some irregularity in case and number compared to other nouns.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! rowspan="3" |
! colspan="5" |Singular
! colspan="3" |Plural
|-
! rowspan="2" |1st
! rowspan="2" |2nd
! colspan="3" |3rd
! rowspan="2" |1st
! rowspan="2" |2nd
! rowspan="2" |3rd
|-
!Male
!Female
!Epicene
|-
!'''Nominative'''
|go
|tu
|mai
|kut
|hakel
|gok
|tuk
|keilek
|-
!'''Accusative'''
|goen
|tuen
|mein
|kun
|haken
|gon
|tunen
|kein
|-
!'''Dative'''
|goet
|tuet
|mait
|kuit
|haket
|gonet
|tuneut
|keiket
|-
!'''Ablative'''
|gokoz
|tukoz
|maikoz
|kuhoz
|hakez
|goinoz
|tuenoz
|kaikoz
|-
!'''Possessive'''
|goek
|tuek
|maik
|kuek
|hakeik
|gonek
|tunek
|keike
|-
!'''Privative'''
|goz
|tukoz
|maiz
|kuiz
|hakaiz
|gonoz
|tuneuz
|kakaiz
|}


=== Nouns ===
=== Nouns ===
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!Meaning
!Meaning
|-
|-
|Nominative
|'''Nominative'''
|eche
|eche
|Ø
|Ø
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|house
|house
|-
|-
|Accusative
|'''Accusative'''
|eche
|eche
| -n
| -n
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|house
|house
|-
|-
|Posessive
|'''Posessive'''
|eche
|eche
| -k
| -k
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|house's
|house's
|-
|-
|Dative
|'''Dative'''
|eche
|eche
| -t
| -t
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|to the house
|to the house
|-
|-
|Privative
|'''Privative'''
|eche
|eche
| -z
| -z
|echez
|echez
|not the house's
|not the house('s)
|-
|-
|Ablative
|'''Ablative'''
|eche
|eche
| -koz
| -koz
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==== Number ====
==== Number ====
There are three grammatical numbers in Azkali. They are the singular, paucal, and plural. Uniquely, pronouns only decline for the singular and plural numbers; paucal groups take the plural marker. The singular number is not marked. The paucal number is marked with ''-(a)tz''. The plural number, meanwhile, is marked with ''-(e)k.'' All markers are placed at the end of the noun (all other markings in the noun are placed before the number marking.)
There are three grammatical numbers in Azkali. They are the singular, paucal, and plural. Uniquely, pronouns only decline for the singular and plural numbers; paucal groups take the plural marker. The singular number is not marked. The paucal number is marked with ''-(a)tz''. The plural number, meanwhile, is usually marked with ''-(e)k.'' All markers are placed at the end of the noun, with all other markings in the noun being placed before the number marking.
 
The paucal and plural numbers take slightly different forms based on what, if any case precedes them. The table below lists their forms:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!Paucal
!Plural
|-
|Nominative
| rowspan="2" | -etz
| -ek
|-
|Accusative
| rowspan="3" | -ak
|-
|Possessive
| -otz
|-
|Dative
| -utz
|-
|Privative
| -eutz
| -ek
|-
|Ablative
| -autz
| -auk
|}


==== Noun Class ====
==== Noun Class ====
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=== Word Order ===
=== Word Order ===
The word order of Azkali in a given sentence varies by context and dialect. However, most of the time, a given Azkali sentence follows a ''Subject-Verb-Object'' word order.
The word order of Azkali in a given sentence varies by context and dialect. A given Azkali sentence usually follows a ''Subject-Verb-Object'' word order. However, the word order is much freer than in other Ukilen languages. The role of the noun is mostly determined by its position within the sentence - e.g. the most salient topic within the sentence is shifted to the front, and visa versa.  


== Dialects ==
== Dialects ==
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