Azkali language: Difference between revisions
imported>Photosynthesis bisectors |
imported>Photosynthesis bisectors No edit summary |
||
| Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
=== Modern Azkali (2005 AD-) === | === Modern Azkali (2005 AD-) === | ||
==== Standard Azkali (2016 AD) ==== | |||
== Phonology == | == Phonology == | ||
| Line 27: | Line 29: | ||
==== Domestic dialects ==== | ==== Domestic dialects ==== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ | |+Vowel phonemes of domestic Azkali dialects | ||
|'''Chekearoa Dialect''' | |'''Chekearoa Dialect''' | ||
|'''Front''' | |'''Front''' | ||
| Line 61: | Line 63: | ||
|ɑː | |ɑː | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ | |+Vowel phonemes of international Azkali dialects | ||
!Sunterian Azkali | !Sunterian Azkali | ||
!Front | !Front | ||
| Line 99: | Line 99: | ||
| colspan="2" |a | | colspan="2" |a | ||
|} | |} | ||
In addition, all of these vowel phonemes can be lengthened, either for stress, emphasis, or distinctive reasons. The latter is extremely rare, however; this is usually written as a doubling of the letter of the vowel (i.e /e:/ is written as <ee>) or the addition of an acute on the vowel letter (i.e /e:/ is written as <é>). | |||
In addition, domestic Azkali dialects contain the close front rounded vowel, /y/. This vowel phoneme is used rarely, only in several place names, nouns, and suffixes (one common suffix containing /y/ being '''hü-''', meaning "bad" or "wrong). | |||
The ''Standard Azkali'' dialect bases it's vowel phonemes on the Chekearoa dialect of Azkali. | |||
==== Allophony ==== | ==== Allophony ==== | ||
| Line 132: | Line 137: | ||
=== Consonants === | === Consonants === | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ | |+Table of consonant phonemes in Standard Azkali | ||
| colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | | colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | ||
| rowspan="2" |'''Bilabial''' | | rowspan="2" |'''Bilabial''' | ||
| Line 215: | Line 220: | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
Generally, Azkali dialects are uniform in their consonant phonemes - though there are of course some minor differences in pronunciation between them. | |||
Uniquely, Azkali has a distinction between laminal and apical articulation in it's affricates and fricatives. With [s̻], the laminal alveolar voiceless fricative, friction occurs on the blade of the tongue; this is how most Ukilen and Brausian languages pronounce /s/. With [s̺], the apical alveolar voiceless fricative, friction occurs on the crest of the tongue. They are written like <z> and <nowiki><s> respectively. In addition, either of these two can be voiced, being written as <zz> and <ss> respectively. These four alveolar fricatives have been historically resistant to phonological evolution, with only a few dialects pronouncing them distinctly.</nowiki> | |||
Unusually for Ukilen and Brausian languages, Azkali contains no trill phoneme. There is evidence showing that Medieval Azkali might have contained [r] as a phoneme. No significant dialect of Azkali has evolved to have [r] as a phoneme. | |||
=== Allophony === | === Allophony === | ||
| Line 228: | Line 238: | ||
=== Azkali alphabet === | === Azkali alphabet === | ||
The most common way of writing Azkali in the modern age is the [[Azkali alphabet]]. Before the [[1980 Azkali Plague|plague]], Ukilen logographs and the Azkali alphabet were used alongside | The most common way of writing Azkali in the modern age is the [[Azkali alphabet]]. Before the [[1980 Azkali Plague|plague]], Ukilen logographs and the Azkali alphabet were used alongside each other. However, due to the effects of the [[1980 Azkali Plague|plague]], the Azkali alphabet was used nearly exclusively by the [[Warlord Generation]], with Ukilen logographs largely falling out in standard use. | ||
=== Ukilen logographs === | === Ukilen logographs === | ||
| Line 239: | Line 249: | ||
Consonant and vowel mutation occurs in specific grammatical and phonological scenarios in Azkali. There are three main types of mutation, both occurring in different scenarios: White Mutation (''Kenaikois''), Gray Mutation (''Kesunokois''), and Purple Mutation''.'' (''Poihekois'') | Consonant and vowel mutation occurs in specific grammatical and phonological scenarios in Azkali. There are three main types of mutation, both occurring in different scenarios: White Mutation (''Kenaikois''), Gray Mutation (''Kesunokois''), and Purple Mutation''.'' (''Poihekois'') | ||
White Mutation (''Kenaikois'') can be described as a form of lenition. Plosives mutate into | ==== White Mutation ==== | ||
White Mutation (''Kenaikois'') can be described as a form of lenition. Plosives mutate into affricates or fricatives. White Mutation occurs in the following grammatical or phonological scenarios: | |||
* Placeholder 1 | |||
* Placeholder 2 | |||
* Placeholder 3 | |||
* Placeholder 4 | |||
* Placeholder 5 | |||
The table below shows what each consonant then mutates into: | |||
=== Pronouns === | === Pronouns === | ||
| Line 252: | Line 271: | ||
==== Noun Case ==== | ==== Noun Case ==== | ||
In Azkali, nouns are marked for any of 6 noun cases. Generally, they follow these forms (using the word ''Eche'' - house as an example) | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ | |||
!Name | |||
!Word | |||
!Case | |||
!Result | |||
!Meaning | |||
|- | |||
|Nominative | |||
|eche | |||
|Ø | |||
|eche | |||
|house | |||
|- | |||
|Accusative | |||
|eche | |||
| -n | |||
|echen | |||
|house | |||
|- | |||
|Posessive | |||
|eche | |||
| -k | |||
|echek | |||
|house's | |||
|- | |||
|Dative | |||
|eche | |||
| -t | |||
|echet | |||
|to the house | |||
|- | |||
|Privative | |||
|eche | |||
| -z | |||
|echez | |||
|not the house's | |||
|- | |||
|Ablative | |||
|eche | |||
| -koz | |||
|echekoz | |||
|from the house | |||
|} | |||
===== Nominative Case ===== | ===== Nominative Case ===== | ||
===== | ===== Accusative Case ===== | ||
===== Dative Case ===== | ===== Dative Case ===== | ||
| Line 337: | Line 401: | ||
== Relation to other languages == | == Relation to other languages == | ||
Azkali is a language isolate, having seemingly no relation to other languages. A sister language or dialect, [[Ezkaudi (language)|Ezkaudi]], was spoken from around 1000 AD up until 1950: the last speaker died in 2009. Efforts to revitalize the language are ongoing, and there appears to be 2 native speakers of it as of 2016. | Azkali is a language isolate, having seemingly no relation to other languages. A sister language or dialect, [[Ezkaudi (language)|Ezkaudi]], was spoken from around 1000 AD up until 1950: the last speaker died in 2009. Efforts to revitalize the language are ongoing, and there appears to be 2 native speakers of it as of 2016. | ||
== Examples == | |||
== Notes == | == Notes == | ||