Replaced content with "'''Nekealiges Pataxea,''' often shortened to '''Pataxea''' (Azkali: ''Noazkalai Patua'') and often referred to as '''Proto-Azkali''', is the ancestor of the modern Azkali language. {{Infobox:Language|LanguageName=Pataxea|NativeLanguage=Nekealiges Pataxea|Speakers=8000 L2 speakers 605 native speakers >4 monolingual speakers}}"
'''Proto-Azkali''' is the reconstructed ancestor of the modern [[Azkali language]]. Along with [[Proto-Ukilen]], the reconstruction on Proto-Azkali is one of the most extensive compared to other languages. The first conventional of Proto-Azkali started in 1500 AD, leading to the establishment of many modern linguistic reconstruction techniques that have been used for reconstructions of other languages.
'''Nekealiges Pataxea,''' often shortened to '''Pataxea''' (Azkali: ''Noazkalai Patua'') and often referred to as '''Proto-Azkali''', is the ancestor of the modern Azkali language.
Throughout early Azkali history, there have been countless records that corroborate the existence of Proto-Azkali as a language. The oldest grammar book in the world, the [[Azalyi Gazi Chixgartai Ka]], often shortened as the Azalyi Chixgartai, describes Proto-Azkali's grammar and phonology as it was in approximately 6000 BCE, and the book itself dates to atleast 900 BCE, or as late as 1100 BCE. As such, the Azalyi Chixgartai remains the
== Urhemiat ==
605 native speakers
The homeland of Proto-Azkali speakers has been debated for centuries. There are two leading theories, the '''Northern Ukilen hypothesis''' and the '''Southwest (northern continent) hypothesis''', also rather infamously known as the '''(northern continent) conondrum'''.
=== Northern Ukilen hypothesis ===
>4 monolingual speakers}}
The Northern Ukilen hypothesis, first proposed in 1601 by Oikan polymath [insert name here], posits the homeland of Proto Azkali speakers in Northeast Ukilen continent, centered around [[Bongsibon]]. The Northern Ukilen hypothesis was the first theory for the homeland of Azkali ever proposed, and directly caused increased awareness of reconstruction of Proto-Azkali.
== Pre-East-Brausian substrate hypothesis ==
== Phonology ==
=== Consonants ===
The consonants of Proto-Azkali are, in standard notation:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |Consonants
! rowspan="3" |Labial
! colspan="3" |Coronal
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |Dorsal
! colspan="1" rowspan="3" |Pharyngeal
! rowspan="3" |Glottal
|-
! colspan="2" |Alveolar
! rowspan="2" |Palatal
|-
!Plain
!Labialized
!Plain
!Labialized
!Alveolarized
|-
! colspan="2" |Nasals
|'''m'''
/m/
|'''n'''
/n/
|'''nu'''
/nʷ/
|'''ny'''
/ɲ/
|'''ng'''
/ŋ/
|
|
|
|
|-
! rowspan="2" |Plosives
!<small>voiceless</small>
|'''p'''
/p/
|'''t'''
/t/
|'''tu'''
/tʷ/
|'''c'''
/c/
|'''k'''
/k/
|'''ku'''
/kʷ/
|'''ko'''
/kɹ/
|
|
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
|'''b'''
/p'~b/
|'''d'''
/t'~d/
|'''du'''
/tʷ'~dʷ/
|
|'''g'''
/k'~g/
|'''gu'''
/kʷ'~gʷ/
|'''go'''
/kɹ'/
|
|
|-
! rowspan="3" |Fricatives
!<small>voiceless</small>
|
|'''s'''
/s/
|'''su'''
/sʷ/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
!<small>nonsibilant</small>
|
|'''rh'''
/ɹ̝̊/
|'''rhu'''
/ɹ̝̊ʷ/
|'''ch'''
/ç/
|'''x'''
/x~χ/
|'''xu'''
/xʷ~χʷ/
|'''xo'''
/xɹ/
|
|'''h'''
/h/
|-
!<small>voiced</small>
|
|'''z'''
/s'~z/
|'''zu'''
/sʷ'-zʷ/
|
|
|
|
|'''hx'''
/ʕ/
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Sonorant
|
|'''l'''
/l/
|
|'''y'''
/j/
|
|
|
|'''hh'''
/ʜ/
|
|-
! colspan="2" |Rhotic
|
|'''r'''
/ɹ/
|'''ru'''
/ɹʷ/
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}
Nasal sounds could not appear word initially, nor it appears could s or z. The rhotic r /ɹ/ possibly could have been a trill /r/ word initially.
=== Vowels ===
The vowel system of Proto-Azkali was a vertical vowel system, containing the three vowels /i/, /e/, and /a/, shown below;
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!Front
|-
!Close
|'''i'''
/i~ɪ/
|-
!Mid
|'''e'''
/e~ɛ/
|-
!Open
|'''a'''
/a/
|}
== Morphology ==
=== Nouns ===
Nouns in Proto-Azkali declined for 6 cases: the '''Nominative''', marking the object of a transitive or intransitive verb, the '''Ergative''', marking the subject of a transitive verb, the '''Accusative''' marking the direct object of a transitive verb and in past clauses, the subject of intransitive verbs and the direct objects of transitive verbs, the '''Genitive''', marking a relationship between two nouns, the '''Privative''', marking the lack of ownership specifically on a marked noun, and the '''Instrumental''', marking the noun as being the instrument by which the verb was accomplished (this can be a physical object or a concept). Neither Proto-Azkali verbs nor nouns nor adjectives were inflected, with all inflection being conveyed via particles.
Proto-Azkali had a split-ergative morphological alignment. In the future and present tenses, the nominative and accusative cases were used; in past tenses, the ergative case was used, and the accusative case acted as the absolutive case. Case marking appeared to have been conveyed via particles, shown below:
{| class="wikitable"
|+Proto-Azkali case
!Nominative
|Ø
|-
!Ergative
|ne
|-
!Accusative
|ka
|-
!Genitive
|kaca
|-
!Privative
|za
|-
!Instrumental
|gazi
|}
=== Verbs ===
Verbs in Proto-Azkali were not conjugated. Instead, all relevant information were signified, like nouns, with particles. These particles changed for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Proto-Azkali verbal particles could conjugate for two tenses (past and non past), aspect (imperfective, perfective), and mood (indicative, subjunctive, positive imperative, and negative imperative), in addition to the subject, direct object, and indirect object of a phrase when applicable.
Verbs in Proto-Azkali were exceedingly regular, even more so than modern forms of the Azkali language. There were no irregular verbs in the language at all. Contrastingly, verbal particles were by far the most complex parts of Proto-Azkali grammar. This is the template for a verbal particle in Proto-Azkali:
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Person
!Tense
Aspect
!Mood
!Person
|}
==== Person indices ====
Person marking in verbal particles were indicated by prefixes and suffixes. We will first cover the prefixes, which marked the subject of intransitive verbs and the direct objects of transitive ones.
Nekealiges Pataxea, often shortened to Pataxea (Azkali: Noazkalai Patua) and often referred to as Proto-Azkali, is the ancestor of the modern Azkali language.