Library of Turku

Azkali grammar: Difference between revisions

← Older editNewer edit →
Photosynthesis bisectors (talk | contribs)
721 edits
VisualWikitext
Line 307: Line 307:


=== Verbs ===
=== Verbs ===
The verb in Azkali is considered the most complex area of grammar to learn. It remains remarkably distinct from how verbs in other languages in it's vicinity such as Baphian, Oikan, or Loremese are treated. Despite this fact, the Azkali verb is extremely regular and in most dialects, there is infact only one fully irregular verb - ''to be''.
The verb in Azkali is considered the most complex area of grammar to learn. It remains remarkably distinct from how verbs in other languages in it's vicinity such as Baphian, Oikan, or Loremese are treated. Despite this fact, the Azkali verb is extremely regular and in most dialects, there is infact only one fully irregular verb - ''to be''. Azkali verbs are polypersonal, and they can mark the subject and direct object of a clause, and in situations in which it applies, the indirect object. They also mark for tense, mood, and voice and in certain common verbs can be optionally marked with adpositional information (denoted as the "postverb"). The Azkali verb can be described in the following template:
 
Azkali verbs are polypersonal, and they can mark the subject and direct object of a clause, and in situations in which it applies, the indirect object. They also mark for tense, mood, and voice and in certain common verbs can be optionally marked with adpositional information (denoted as the "postverb"). The Azkali verb can be described in the following template:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Azkali verb template
|+Azkali verb template
Line 317: Line 315:
!VERB STEM
!VERB STEM
!Tense/mood/voice affix
!Tense/mood/voice affix
!Version affix
!Ergative argument affix
!Ergative argument affix
!Postverb affix
!Postverb affix
Line 326: Line 325:
|+Absolutive person indices
|+Absolutive person indices
! rowspan="5" |Singular
! rowspan="5" |Singular
! colspan="2" |1p
! colspan="2" |<small>1p</small>
|'''en(e)-'''
|'''en(e)-'''
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |2p
! colspan="2" |<small>2p</small>
|'''t(u)-'''
|'''t(u)-'''
|-
|-
Line 343: Line 342:
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |Paucal
! rowspan="3" |Paucal
! colspan="2" |1p
! colspan="2" |<small>1p</small>
|'''tz(a)-'''
|'''tz(a)-'''
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |2p
! colspan="2" |<small>2p</small>
|'''u(k)-'''
|'''u(k)-'''
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |3p
! colspan="2" |<small>3p</small>
|'''r(a)-'''
|'''r(a)-'''
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plural
! rowspan="3" |Plural
! colspan="2" |1p
! colspan="2" |<small>1p</small>
|'''g(e)-'''
|'''g(e)-'''
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |2p
! colspan="2" |<small>2p</small>
|'''ro(z)-'''
|'''ro(z)-'''
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |3p
! colspan="2" |<small>3p</small>
|'''in(o)-'''
|'''in(o)-'''
|}
|}
Line 366: Line 365:
|+Ergative person indices
|+Ergative person indices
! colspan="3" |
! colspan="3" |
!non word final
!<small>non word final</small>
!word final
!<small>word final</small>
|-
|-
! rowspan="5" |Singular
! rowspan="5" |Singular
! colspan="2" |1p
! colspan="2" |<small>1p</small>
|'''-(e)g-'''
|'''-(e)g-'''
|'''-(e)gi'''
|'''-(e)gi'''
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |2p
! colspan="2" |<small>2p</small>
|'''-(e)t-'''
|'''-(e)t-'''
|'''-(e)ti'''
|'''-(e)ti'''
Line 392: Line 391:
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |Paucal
! rowspan="3" |Paucal
! colspan="2" |1p
! colspan="2" |<small>1p</small>
|'''-(s)o-'''
|'''-(s)o-'''
|'''-(s)ol'''
|'''-(s)ol'''
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |2p
! colspan="2" |<small>2p</small>
|'''-(s)u-'''
|'''-(s)u-'''
|'''-(s)ul'''
|'''-(s)ul'''
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |3p
! colspan="2" |<small>3p</small>
|'''-(s)ar-'''
|'''-(s)ar-'''
|'''-(s)ari'''
|'''-(s)ari'''
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plural
! rowspan="3" |Plural
! colspan="2" |1p
! colspan="2" |<small>1p</small>
|'''-(t)ou-'''
|'''-(t)ou-'''
|'''-(t)ouk'''
|'''-(t)ouk'''
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |2p
! colspan="2" |<small>2p</small>
|'''-(t)e-'''
|'''-(t)e-'''
|'''-(t)eisi'''
|'''-(t)eisi'''
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |3p
! colspan="2" |<small>3p</small>
|'''-(t)i-'''
|'''-(t)i-'''
|'''-(t)ik'''
|'''-(t)ik'''
Line 420: Line 419:
|+Dative person indices
|+Dative person indices
! rowspan="5" |Singular
! rowspan="5" |Singular
! colspan="2" |1p
! colspan="2" |<small>1p</small>
|'''et(a)-'''
|'''et(a)-'''
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |2p
! colspan="2" |<small>2p</small>
|'''ti(z)-'''
|'''ti(z)-'''
|-
|-
Line 437: Line 436:
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |Paucal
! rowspan="3" |Paucal
! colspan="2" |1p
! colspan="2" |<small>1p</small>
|'''itz(a)-'''
|'''itz(a)-'''
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |2p
! colspan="2" |<small>2p</small>
|'''i(z)-'''
|'''i(z)-'''
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |3p
! colspan="2" |<small>3p</small>
|'''iru(z)-'''
|'''iru(z)-'''
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plural
! rowspan="3" |Plural
! colspan="2" |1p
! colspan="2" |<small>1p</small>
|'''ig(ei)-'''
|'''ig(ei)-'''
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |2p
! colspan="2" |<small>2p</small>
|'''iro(k)-'''
|'''iro(k)-'''
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |3p
! colspan="2" |<small>3p</small>
|'''in(e)-'''
|'''in(e)-'''
|}
|}
Line 460: Line 459:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |
!Active voice
!<small>active voice</small>
!Middle voice
!<small>middle voice</small>
!Passive voice
!<small>passive voice</small>
!Causative voice
!<small>causative voice</small>
!Reciprocal voice
!<small>reciprocal voice</small>
|-
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="3" |Indicative
! colspan="1" rowspan="3" |Indicative
mood
!<small>far past</small>
!<small>far past</small>
|'''-z(a)-'''
|'''-z(a)-'''
Line 487: Line 487:
|-
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="3" |Conditional
! colspan="1" rowspan="3" |Conditional
mood
!<small>far past</small>
!<small>far past</small>
|'''-n(a)-'''
|'''-n(a)-'''
Line 509: Line 510:
|-
|-
! colspan="1" rowspan="3" |Hypothetical
! colspan="1" rowspan="3" |Hypothetical
mood
!<small>far past</small>
!<small>far past</small>
|'''-ta(z)-'''
|'''-ta(z)-'''
Retrieved from "https://lot.icosahedr.online/wiki/Azkali_grammar"