Alhi language: Difference between revisions

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The tenses that exist in Alhi verbs are: the present, the future, the near past, and the future past. This 4-way distinction only exists in indicative mood of the non-aspectual aspect & progressive aspect. Most other moods only distinguish present, future, and past.

==== The present ~~indicative~~ ====

==== Indicative mood ====

The indicative mood in Alhi is used to convey real information, statements, or facts.

===== The present =====

The present tense in the indicative mood corresponds to actions that occur in the 'now'.

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|''keleu'' 'They play (plural)'

|}

~~Verbs in the third person present indicative non-aspectual are the same as the stem of the verb (infinitive-less verb).~~

==== The future ~~indicative~~ ====

===== Verbs in the third person present indicative non-aspectual are the same as the stem of the verb (infinitive-less verb). =====

===== The future =====

The future tense in the indicative mood corresponds to actions that occur in the future or 'later'. Unlike the past tense, this future tense corresponds to any action that will occur in any amount of time in the future. In Classical Alhi, there was distinct near future and far future tense but this system eventually collapsed to one singular future tense.

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|''kelf'' 'He, she, they, it will play'

|''kelam'' 'They will play (plural)'

|}

===== The near (proximal) past =====

As is stated in the name, the near past is used to refer to actions that have recently occured. The window of 'recency' is relative to the time frame, if established, in the conversation. For example, if one was talking about actions that occured ''last week'', then actions that occured ''yesterday'' or ''two days ago'' would be in the near past. If an action has 'just' occured, then the verb will always be conjugated for the near past.

* '''Julat''' ejo. — '''I just ate'''.

* '''Ridut''' fojalhulasez eis. — '''We recently bought''' a car for him.

{| class="wikitable"

|+Near past indicative forms of ''kelun'' 'to play'

!

!Singular

!Plural

|-

|'''First person'''

|''kelat'' 'I recently played'

|''kelut'' 'We recently played'

|-

|'''Second person'''

|''kelok'' 'You recently played'

|''kelota'' 'You recently played (plural)'

|-

|'''Third person'''

|''kelta'' 'He, she, they, it recently played'

|''kelt'' 'They recently played (plural)'

|}

===== The far (distal) past =====

The distal past refers to actions that occured 'a long time ago'. Just like the proximal past, this window of 'long time ago' is dependant on the established time frame. If no time frame has been established, then verbs will be conjugated for this tense, except for if the action had 'just' occured.

* '''Seija''' '''on'''. — '''He was sleeping.'''

* '''Magec''' ei oum kouhu o. — '''He left''' (a while ago) it at the door.

{| class="wikitable"

|+Far past indicative forms of ''kelun'' 'to play'

!

!Singular

!Plural

|-

|'''First person'''

|''kela'' 'I played'

|''kela'' 'We recently played'

|-

|'''Second person'''

|''keli'' 'You recently played'

|''keloca'' 'You recently played (plural)'

|-

|'''Third person'''

|''kelec'' 'He, she, they, it recently played'

|''kelna'' 'They recently played (plural)'

|}

@@ Line 519: / Line 519: @@
 The tenses that exist in Alhi verbs are: the present, the future, the near past, and the future past. This 4-way distinction only exists in indicative mood of the non-aspectual aspect & progressive aspect. Most other moods only distinguish present, future, and past.
-==== The present indicative ====
+==== Indicative mood ====
+The indicative mood in Alhi is used to convey real information, statements, or facts.
+===== The present =====
 The present tense in the indicative mood corresponds to actions that occur in the 'now'.
@@ Line 544: / Line 547: @@
 |''keleu'' 'They play (plural)'
 |}
-Verbs in the third person present indicative non-aspectual are the same as the stem of the verb (infinitive-less verb).
-==== The future indicative ====
+===== Verbs in the third person present indicative non-aspectual are the same as the stem of the verb (infinitive-less verb). =====
+===== The future =====
 The future tense in the indicative mood corresponds to actions that occur in the future or 'later'. Unlike the past tense, this future tense corresponds to any action that will occur in any amount of time in the future. In Classical Alhi, there was distinct near future and far future tense but this system eventually collapsed to one singular future tense.
@@ Line 569: / Line 573: @@
 |''kelf'' 'He, she, they, it will play'
 |''kelam'' 'They will play (plural)'
+|}
+===== The near (proximal) past =====
+As is stated in the name, the near past is used to refer to actions that have recently occured. The window of 'recency' is relative to the time frame, if established, in the conversation. For example, if one was talking about actions that occured ''last week'', then actions that occured ''yesterday'' or ''two days ago'' would be in the near past. If an action has 'just' occured, then the verb will always be conjugated for the near past.
+* '''Julat''' ejo. — '''I just ate'''.
+* '''Ridut''' fojalhulasez eis. — '''We recently bought''' a car for him.
+{| class="wikitable"
+|+Near past indicative forms of ''kelun'' 'to play'
+!
+!Singular
+!Plural
+|-
+|'''First person'''
+|''kelat'' 'I recently played'
+|''kelut'' 'We recently played'
+|-
+|'''Second person'''
+|''kelok'' 'You recently played'
+|''kelota'' 'You recently played (plural)'
+|-
+|'''Third person'''
+|''kelta'' 'He, she, they, it recently played'
+|''kelt'' 'They recently played (plural)'
+|}
+===== The far (distal) past =====
+The distal past refers to actions that occured 'a long time ago'. Just like the proximal past, this window of 'long time ago' is dependant on the established time frame. If no time frame has been established, then verbs will be conjugated for this tense, except for if the action had 'just' occured.
+* '''Seija''' '''on'''. — '''He was sleeping.'''
+* '''Magec''' ei oum kouhu o. — '''He left''' (a while ago) it at the door.
+{| class="wikitable"
+|+Far past indicative forms of ''kelun'' 'to play'
+!
+!Singular
+!Plural
+|-
+|'''First person'''
+|''kela'' 'I played'
+|''kela'' 'We recently played'
+|-
+|'''Second person'''
+|''keli'' 'You recently played'
+|''keloca'' 'You recently played (plural)'
+|-
+|'''Third person'''
+|''kelec'' 'He, she, they, it recently played'
+|''kelna'' 'They recently played (plural)'
 |}