Alhi language: Difference between revisions

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 These are the demonstratives in Alhi. They are used in place of third person pronouns and are also used for demonstratives normally. One could translate the demonstrative ''ei'' as 'this, they, he, she, it'. When demonstratives are used with a noun, the demonstrative will go before the noun. Thus, ''ou pilos'' 'that food'. The possessive form used to indicate 'his, her(s), their(s), its' is ''eis'', and it also behaves like a suffix. E.g. ''kouda-eis'' 'their family'.
+=== Nouns ===
+Alhi nouns are declined for definiteness, number, and case. They are not marking separately, but marked together in a single affix. The base form of a noun is the indefinite, nominative, singular form, which has no marking. Nouns are sorted into three declensions, and they fit into one of them, depending on the last vowel of the noun. Nouns with /a/ as their final vowel are A-type, nouns with either /i/, /e/ or /ɨ/ as their final vowel are I-type, and nouns with either /u/, /o/, or /ɨ/ as their final vowel are U-type. A special instance is when a noun has its final vowel as /ɨ/, such as the word ''ıs'' 'god', these nouns are either I-type or U-type, and there is no pattern as to which declension they are, but most of them are I-type. However, different dialects will have different declensions for these types of nouns.
+{| class="wikitable"
+|+Declension of ''vas'' 'human', an A-type noun
+! rowspan="2" |
+! colspan="2" |Indefinite
+! colspan="2" |Definite
+|-
+!Singular
+!Plural
+!Singular
+!Plural
+|-
+|'''Nominative'''
+|'''''vas'''''
+|''vasal''
+|''vasali''
+|''vasei''
+|-
+|'''Accusative'''
+| rowspan="2" |''vasa''
+|''vasan''
+|''vasel''
+|''vasas''
+|-
+|'''Dative'''
+|''vasar''
+|''vasand''
+|''vasay''
+|-
+|'''Locative'''
+| colspan="2" |''vasem''
+| colspan="2" |''vasel''
+|-
+|'''Comitative'''
+| colspan="4" |''vasor''
+|}
+{| class="wikitable"
+|+Declension of ''udut'' 'child', a U-type noun
+! rowspan="2" |
+! colspan="2" |Indefinite
+! colspan="2" |Definite
+|-
+!Singular
+!Plural
+!Singular
+!Plural
+|-
+|'''Nominative'''
+|'''''udut'''''
+|''udutul''
+|''udutuli''
+|''udutau''
+|-
+|'''Accusative'''
+| rowspan="2" |''udutu''
+|''udutun''
+|''udutuni''
+|''udutos''
+|-
+|'''Dative'''
+|''udutur''
+|''udutund''
+|''udutuy''
+|-
+|'''Locative'''
+| colspan="2" |''udutem''
+| colspan="2" |''udutel''
+|-
+|'''Comitative'''
+| colspan="4" |''udutor''
+|}
+{| class="wikitable"
+|+Declension of ''ani'' 'woman', an I-type noun
+! rowspan="2" |
+! colspan="2" |Indefinite
+! colspan="2" |Definite
+|-
+!Singular
+!Plural
+!Singular
+!Plural
+|-
+|'''Nominative'''
+|'''''ani'''''
+|''anihil''
+|''anihili''
+|''anihai''
+|-
+|'''Accusative'''
+| rowspan="2" |''anihi''
+|''anihin''
+|''anihini''
+|''anihas''
+|-
+|'''Dative'''
+|''anihir''
+|''anihind''
+|''anihiyi''
+|-
+|'''Locative'''
+| colspan="2" |''anihem''
+| colspan="2" |''anihel''
+|-
+|'''Comitative'''
+| colspan="4" |''anihor''
+|}
+=== Noun cases ===
+The different noun cases perform different functions in nouns, this section will cover what each of them does individually.
+==== The nominative case ====
+The nominative case simply marks the subject of a verb, because Alhi has a canonical word order of Verb-Subject-Object, this is usually the second element in a basic sentence. For example, the sentence ''Daonta anihili eis'' 'The woman recieved it', the subject: ''anihili'' (ani), is in the nominative case.
+==== The accusative case ====
+The accusative case marks direct objects of a verb, this is usually the last element in a basic sentence. Using the example sentence from the section above, ''Daonta anihili eis'' 'The woman recieved it', the direct object: ''eis'' (ei), is marked in the accusative case. Also, it is important to know that in the indefinite singular for all nouns, the accusative and dative form is the same.
+==== The dative case ====
+The dative case marks indirect objects of a transitive verb or the argument of an intransitive verb, and in Alhi, indirect objects can be before or after the object in a transitive verb. Take for example, ''Tenav ejo eis miaha'' 'I gave it to a cat'. This is a transitive verb, and ''miaha'' (mia) is marked for the dative case. Another example with an intransitive verb is