Oikan language: Difference between revisions

Line 151:

== Grammar ==

* Three grammatical genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter

* Two grammatical numbers: singular and plural

* Three grammatical persons: first-person, second-person, and third-person

* Three grammatical tenses: past, present, and future

* Five grammatical aspects: simple, progressive, perfect, prospective, and gnomic

* Four grammatical moods: indicative, imperative, conditional, and subjunctive

* Eight grammatical cases for nouns, adjectives, and determiners: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, instrumental, locative, and ablative

* Nine grammatical cases for pronouns: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, instrumental, locative, ablative, and disjunctive

* Three types of declensions for nouns, pronouns, and adjectives

* No possessive adjectives exist—instead, the genitive case is used

* One genitive construction is (article, if appropriate) + (modified) + (article in the genitive case, if appropriate) + (modifier in the genitive case)—this is roughly equivalent to an English "of" construction

* Another genitive construction is (article in the genitive case, if appropriate) + (modifier in the genitive case) + (modified)—this is roughly equivalent to an English Saxon genitive construction

* Synesis does not occur—agreement in number is based only on grammatical number, agreement in person is based only on grammatical person, and agreement in gender is based only on grammatical gender

* Not pro-drop

* Double negatives cancel each other out

* Free word order but SVO is the most common word order in practice

* Adjectives always precede the noun they modify

* Adverbs always precede the thing they modify

* All prepositions take the dative case

* The default gender is the neuter

* Agents of passive verbs are in the instrumental case

* No exact equivalents of "there to be" or "there to exist" exist—instead, the equivalent of "to be" or "to exist" is used

* In counterfactual conditional sentences, the protasis is in the subjunctive mood and the apodosis is in the conditional mood

* Counterfactual conditional sentences do not have "fake past"

* In indicative conditional sentences, the protasis is in the indicative mood and the apodosis is in the indicative mood

* Use of proclitic forms is mandatory wherever phonotactically possible

* No exact equivalent of “very” exists—instead, the augmentative is used

== Vocabulary ==

@@ Line 151: / Line 151: @@
 == Grammar ==
+* Three grammatical genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter
+* Two grammatical numbers: singular and plural
+* Three grammatical persons: first-person, second-person, and third-person
+* Three grammatical tenses: past, present, and future
+* Five grammatical aspects: simple, progressive, perfect, prospective, and gnomic
+* Four grammatical moods: indicative, imperative, conditional, and subjunctive
+* Eight grammatical cases for nouns, adjectives, and determiners: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, instrumental, locative, and ablative
+* Nine grammatical cases for pronouns: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, instrumental, locative, ablative, and disjunctive
+* Three types of declensions for nouns, pronouns, and adjectives
+* No possessive adjectives exist—instead, the genitive case is used
+* One genitive construction is (article, if appropriate) + (modified) + (article in the genitive case, if appropriate) + (modifier in the genitive case)—this is roughly equivalent to an English "of" construction
+* Another genitive construction is (article in the genitive case, if appropriate) + (modifier in the genitive case) + (modified)—this is roughly equivalent to an English Saxon genitive construction
+* Synesis does not occur—agreement in number is based only on grammatical number, agreement in person is based only on grammatical person, and agreement in gender is based only on grammatical gender
+* Not pro-drop
+* Double negatives cancel each other out
+* Free word order but SVO is the most common word order in practice
+* Adjectives always precede the noun they modify
+* Adverbs always precede the thing they modify
+* All prepositions take the dative case
+* The default gender is the neuter
+* Agents of passive verbs are in the instrumental case
+* No exact equivalents of "there to be" or "there to exist" exist—instead, the equivalent of "to be" or "to exist" is used
+* In counterfactual conditional sentences, the protasis is in the subjunctive mood and the apodosis is in the conditional mood
+* Counterfactual conditional sentences do not have "fake past"
+* In indicative conditional sentences, the protasis is in the indicative mood and the apodosis is in the indicative mood
+* Use of proclitic forms is mandatory wherever phonotactically possible
+* No exact equivalent of “very” exists—instead, the augmentative is used
 == Vocabulary ==