Old Anhic language: Difference between revisions
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The language may also be referred to as ''Glangva'' 'The Language'.<!-- This is an example of Old Anhic crasis. | The language may also be referred to as ''Glangva'' 'The Language'.<!-- This is an example of Old Anhic crasis. | ||
The element "ka" meaning 'this, the' is combined with the element "langva" meaning 'language'. --> | The element "ka" meaning 'this, the' is combined with the element "langva" meaning 'language'. --> | ||
== Phonology == | |||
The phonemic inventory of Old Anhic is notable for its presence of uvular consonants, a rarity amongst most Mallo-Brausian languages. | |||
=== Consonants === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+Consonants of ''Old Anhic'' | |||
! colspan="2" | | |||
!Labial | |||
!Alveolar | |||
!Palatal | |||
!Velar | |||
!Uvular | |||
!Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Nasal | |||
|''m'' | |||
|''n'' | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |Plosive | |||
!-V | |||
|''p'' | |||
|''t'' | |||
| | |||
|''k'' | |||
|''q'' | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!+V | |||
|''b'' | |||
|''d'' | |||
| | |||
|''g'' | |||
|'''''ɢ''' gq'' | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |Fricative | |||
!-V | |||
| | |||
|''s'' | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|'''''χ''' ħ'' | |||
|''h'' | |||
|- | |||
!+V | |||
|''v'' | |||
|''z'' | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Approximant | |||
| | |||
|''l'' | |||
|'''''j''' y'' | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Rhotic | |||
| | |||
|''r'' | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
This table shows the base consonantal phonemes. There are additional consonants: All plosives and the fricative '''/s/''' have geminated variants that appear in certain contexts. | |||
Whenever an approximant is after a uvular consonant, that approximant becomes uvularized and causes vowel retraction. | |||
* A sequence like '''/qsɐ/''' is pronounced as '''[qsɐ]'''. | |||
* However, a sequence like '''/qjɐ/''' is pronounced as '''[qjʶɐ̠]'''. | |||
=== Vowels === | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+Vowels of ''Old Anhic'' | |||
! | |||
!Front | |||
!Central | |||
!Back | |||
|- | |||
!High | |||
|''i'' | |||
| | |||
|''u'' | |||
|- | |||
!Mid | |||
|''e'' | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!Low | |||
| | |||
|'''''ɐ''' a'' | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
This table shows the base vowel phonemes. There are additional vowels: All vowels except /e/ have long variants. These are romanized with a macron diacritic on top of the base vowel. | |||
==== Uvular realizations ==== | |||
Uvular consonants ('''/q/''', '''/ɢ/''', and '''/χ/''') cause vowels before and after them to be retracted. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+Vowel realizations | |||
!Plain | |||
!Retracted | |||
!Long | |||
!Long + Retracted | |||
|- | |||
!/i/ | |||
|[ɨ] | |||
!/iː/ | |||
|[ɨː] | |||
|- | |||
!/u/ | |||
|[u̠] | |||
!/uː/ | |||
|[u̠ː] | |||
|- | |||
!/e/ | |||
|[ɘ] | |||
!/ɐː/ | |||
|[ɐ̠ː] ~ [ɑː] | |||
|- | |||
!/ɐ/ | |||
|[ɐ̠] | |||
! colspan="2" | | |||
|} | |||