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Hngatil grammar: Difference between revisions

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=== Classifiers ===
=== Classifiers ===
Hngatil has a number of different suffixes that classify the physical nature, characteristics, and properties, if applicable, of the noun in the sentence. There are some fourteen different classifier suffixes in Hngatil. In addition, many common verbs have different stems based on the classifier suffix; Hngatil has no one verb stem meaning ''to cut'' - instead, there are 6 different verb stems for each classifier. Some different types of classifier share the same suffix; their precise meaning is usually clarified via a stem change, or surrounding. context.
Hngatil has a number of different suffixes that classify the physical nature, characteristics, and properties, if applicable, of the noun in the sentence. There are some fourteen different classifier suffixes in Hngatil. In addition, many common verbs have different stems based on the classifier suffix; Hngatil has no one verb stem meaning ''to cut'' - instead, there are 6 different verb stems for each classifier. Some different types of classifier share the same suffix; their precise meaning is usually clarified via a stem change, or surrounding. context.
There are two different ''modes'' that verbs are classified as. The primary mode are verbs that change their stem when using a classifier, and the secondary mode are verbs that do not. Many of the most common verbs are secondary mode verbs, but the majority are primary mode verbs.


The list of classifiers are shown below. Note that some classifiers may overlap in meaning with each other.  
The list of classifiers are shown below. Note that some classifiers may overlap in meaning with each other.  
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| -(a)ba
| -(a)ba
| -(a)t
| -(a)t
| -(a)k'a
| -(a)kʼa
| -(a)kpa
| -(a)kpa
| -(a)ng
| -(a)ng
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==== To be (ty-arri) ====
==== To be (ty-arri) ====
The copula in Hngatil, ''arri'', can only conjugate for the perfective, habitual, progressive, and gnomic aspects, but it conjugates for all of the moods and all of the classifiers. Each verbal aspect that the copula conjugates for has different forms due to suppletion — though there are some old irregularities still preserved in the modern conjugation.
The copula in Hngatil, ''arri'', can only conjugate for the perfective, habitual, progressive, and gnomic aspects, but it conjugates for all of the moods and all of the classifiers. ''Arri'' is a secondary mode verb. Each verbal aspect that the copula conjugates for has different forms due to suppletion — though there are some old irregularities still preserved in the modern conjugation.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|+
! colspan="18" |Perfective aspect
! colspan="15" |Perfective aspect
|-
|-
!
!Perfective stem, ''arri''
!Pfct.
!SO
!Mnt.
!RO
!Prs.
!EO
!Hb.
!SFI
!Prg.
!LO
!St.
!OC
!Gn.
!CC
!Cnt.
!AO
!Inch.
!SAO
!Cs.
!IO
!Iter.
!PO
!Segm.
!LTO
!Rev.
!SMO
!Sr.
!RO
!Rev.
!Dstr.
!Slt.
|-
|-
!Indicative
!Indicative
|arri
|arritypa
| colspan="2" |arriki
|apirri
|arripi
|ahrapi
|arrik'u
|k'uarri
|arŵa
|arrikit
|arra
| colspan="2" |addirri
|-
!Conditional
|adgi
|dgitypa
|kidgi
|kirgi
|dgipi
|dgipai
|hripi
|dgiku
|dgurri
|dgiiŵuu
|dgikit
|adgaau
|adgihri
|adgihru
|-
!Optative
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!Presumptive
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!Inferential
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! colspan="15" |Habitual aspect
|-
!Habitual stem, ''mu''
!SO
!RO
!EO
!SFI
!LO
!OC
!CC
!AO
!SAO
!IO
!PO
!LTO
!SMO
!RO
|-
!Indicative
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!Optative
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!Presumptive
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!Inferential
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! colspan="15" |Progressive aspect
|-
!Progressive stem, ''ggu''
!SO
!RO
!EO
!SFI
!LO
!OC
!CC
!AO
!SAO
!IO
!PO
!LTO
!SMO
!RO
|-
!Indicative
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!Conditional
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!Presumptive
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!Inferential
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! colspan="15" |Gnomic aspect
|-
!Gnomic stem, ''biun''
!SO
!RO
!EO
!SFI
!LO
!OC
!CC
!AO
!SAO
!IO
!PO
!LTO
!SMO
!RO
|-
!Indicative
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!Presumptive
!Conditional
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!Optative
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!Inferential
!Presumptive
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!Inferential
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