Kjaxono verbs: Difference between revisions

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Kjaxono verbs are unique in that there are only 200-300 verbs in the language; more precise meanings are expressed by auxiliary verbs, or serial strings of other verbs. Kjaxono verbs are extremely closed class, contrasting with nouns, which are not.

A unique feature only found in the [[Xjedgjaŋ languages|Xjedgjaŋ]] language family is the prescence of what is translated as ''pattern''. Pattern is described in most grammars of [[Kjaxono language|Kjaxono]] as an event's manner, in relation to time. Pattern should not be confused with aspect, with aspect being how an event extends over time. The two are often entangled, and in combination can produce many very precise scenarios. There are four patterns in Kjaxono:

A unique feature only found in the [[Xjedgjaŋ languages|Xjedgjaŋ]] language family is the prescence of what is translated as ''pattern''. Pattern is described in most grammars of [[Kjaxono language|Kjaxono]] as an event's manner, in relation to time. Pattern should not be confused with aspect, with aspect being how an event ''extends'' over time. The two are often entangled, and in combination can produce many very precise scenarios. There are four patterns in Kjaxono:

* The '''punctual pattern''' describes any event that occurs or is finished at a single moment in time. The event in question is usually very brief in duration. Some examples of such events would be the flick of a match, a clap, etc.

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{| class="wikitable"

|+Kjaxono verb template

!'''pC'''

!'''PC'''

| rowspan="5" |'''(v)'''

| rowspan="3" |'''(v)'''

!TM

! ~~rowspan="3" |'''(V)'''~~

!E

~~'''Evidentiality'''~~

! rowspan="3" |'''STEM'''

! rowspan="5" |'''STEM'''

| rowspan="3" |'''(V)<ref>The insertion of a vowel between the verb stem and the voice and pattern affix is uncommon. It is a promenant feature of the Aqcjam dialect, however.</ref>'''

| rowspan="5" |'''(V)<ref>The insertion of a vowel between the verb stem and the voice and pattern affix is uncommon. It is a promenant feature of the Aqcjam dialect, however.</ref>'''

!VPA

!TM

~~| rowspan="5" |'''(V)'''~~

!P

!~~'''pC'''~~

|-

| rowspan="2" |Polypersonal clitic

|Tense

|Evidentiality

|Voice

| rowspan="2" |Mood

| rowspan="2" |~~Polypersonal clitic~~

| rowspan="2" |Postverb

|-

|Mood

|or Vowel(s)

|Pattern

|-

! rowspan="2" |1

! rowspan="2" |2

! rowspan="2" |2a

! rowspan="2" |3

|~~Aspect~~

! rowspan="2" |4

! rowspan="2" |5

! rowspan="2" |6

|Aspect

! rowspan="2" |8

! rowspan="2" |9

|-

!3

!7

|}

Only the tense and mood affix is required to be present within a Kjaxono verb. This is what is most commonly employed, though in semi-formal and formal speech more inflection is employed.

@@ Line 6: / Line 6: @@
 Kjaxono verbs are unique in that there are only 200-300 verbs in the language; more precise meanings are expressed by auxiliary verbs, or serial strings of other verbs. Kjaxono verbs are extremely closed class, contrasting with nouns, which are not.
-A unique feature only found in the [[Xjedgjaŋ languages|Xjedgjaŋ]] language family is the prescence of what is translated as ''pattern''. Pattern is described in most grammars of [[Kjaxono language|Kjaxono]] as an event's manner, in relation to time. Pattern should not be confused with aspect, with aspect being how an event extends over time. The two are often entangled, and in combination can produce many very precise scenarios. There are four patterns in Kjaxono:
+A unique feature only found in the [[Xjedgjaŋ languages|Xjedgjaŋ]] language family is the prescence of what is translated as ''pattern''. Pattern is described in most grammars of [[Kjaxono language|Kjaxono]] as an event's manner, in relation to time. Pattern should not be confused with aspect, with aspect being how an event ''extends'' over time. The two are often entangled, and in combination can produce many very precise scenarios. There are four patterns in Kjaxono:
 * The '''punctual pattern''' describes any event that occurs or is finished at a single moment in time. The event in question is usually very brief in duration. Some examples of such events would be the flick of a match, a clap, etc.
@@ Line 52: / Line 52: @@
 {| class="wikitable"
 |+Kjaxono verb template
-!'''pC'''
+!'''PC'''
-| rowspan="5" |'''(v)'''
+| rowspan="3" |'''(v)'''
 !TM
-! rowspan="3" |'''(V)'''
+!E
-'''Evidentiality'''
+! rowspan="3" |'''<u>STEM</u>'''
-! rowspan="5" |'''<u>STEM</u>'''
+| rowspan="3" |'''(V)<ref>The insertion of a vowel between the verb stem and the voice and pattern affix is uncommon. It is a promenant feature of the Aqcjam dialect, however.</ref>'''
-| rowspan="5" |'''(V)<ref>The insertion of a vowel between the verb stem and the voice and pattern affix is uncommon. It is a promenant feature of the Aqcjam dialect, however.</ref>'''
 !VPA
 !TM
-| rowspan="5" |'''(V)'''
+!P
-!'''pC'''
 |-
 | rowspan="2" |Polypersonal clitic
 |<u>Tense</u>
+|Evidentiality
 |Voice
 | rowspan="2" |<u>Mood</u>
-| rowspan="2" |Polypersonal clitic
+| rowspan="2" |Postverb
 |-
 |<u>Mood</u>
+|or Vowel(s)
 |Pattern
 |-
 ! rowspan="2" |1
 ! rowspan="2" |2
-! rowspan="2" |2a
+! rowspan="2" |3
-|Aspect
+! rowspan="2" |4
 ! rowspan="2" |5
 ! rowspan="2" |6
+|Aspect
+! rowspan="2" |8
+! rowspan="2" |9
 |-
-!3
+!7
 |}
 Only the tense and mood affix is required to be present within a Kjaxono verb. This is what is most commonly employed, though in semi-formal and formal speech more inflection is employed.