Azkali language: Difference between revisions
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== Phonology == | == Phonology == | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |'''Bilabial''' | |||
! colspan="2" |'''Alveolar''' | |||
! rowspan="2" |'''Dental''' | |||
! rowspan="2" |'''Palatal''' | |||
! rowspan="2" |'''Velar''' | |||
! rowspan="2" |'''Glottal''' | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!Lamino- | |||
dental | |||
!Apico- | |||
alveolar | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |'''Nasal''' | |||
|'''m''' | |||
/m/ | |||
| | |||
|'''n''' | |||
/n/ | |||
| | |||
|'''gn''' | |||
/ɲ/ | |||
|'''ng''' | |||
/ŋ/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |'''Plosive''' | |||
|'''p''' | |||
/p/ | |||
|'''t''' | |||
'''/t/''' | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|'''ch''' | |||
/c/ | |||
|'''k''' | |||
/k/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |'''Affricate''' | |||
| | |||
|'''tz''' | |||
/t̪s̻/ | |||
|'''ts''' | |||
/t̺s̺/ | |||
| | |||
|'''ch''' | |||
/tʃ/ | |||
|'''g''' | |||
/g, ɡʟ̝/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |'''Fricative''' | |||
!<sub>voiceless</sub> | |||
| | |||
|'''z''' | |||
'''/'''s̻/ | |||
|'''s''' | |||
/s̺/ | |||
|'''th''' | |||
/θ/ | |||
|'''sh''' | |||
/ʃ/ | |||
| | |||
| rowspan="2" |'''h''' | |||
/h~ɦ/ | |||
|- | |||
!<sub>voiced</sub> | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|'''dh''' | |||
/ð/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |'''Approximant''' | |||
|'''rr, r''' | |||
/ɹ̠ʷ/ | |||
| | |||
|'''l''' | |||
'''/'''l/ | |||
| | |||
|'''j, y''' | |||
/j/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |'''Tap''' | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|'''r, rr''' | |||
/ɾ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
== Orthography == | == Orthography == | ||
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This is contrasted by verbs, which are generally much simpler. For example, the verb ''ezingira'', meaning ''to have needed long ago'', can simply be broken down as ''ezi-'', the far past indicative prefix, and ''ngira'', the verbal root meaning to need. Azkali verbs are very regular, only containing some four irregular verbs, and only two different sets of conjugations (usually called ''declension classes'' when discussing Azkali). | This is contrasted by verbs, which are generally much simpler. For example, the verb ''ezingira'', meaning ''to have needed long ago'', can simply be broken down as ''ezi-'', the far past indicative prefix, and ''ngira'', the verbal root meaning to need. Azkali verbs are very regular, only containing some four irregular verbs, and only two different sets of conjugations (usually called ''declension classes'' when discussing Azkali). | ||
Azkali is a strictly subject-verb-object language, contrasting with its neighboring Mallo-Brausian and Paleo-Azkali languages. Pronouns are never deleted, even when they are clear by context; as such, Azkali is classified as an anti pro-drop language. | Azkali is a ''strictly'' subject-verb-object language, contrasting with its neighboring Mallo-Brausian and Paleo-Azkali languages. Pronouns are never deleted, even when they are clear by context; as such, Azkali is classified as an anti pro-drop language. The lack of deleting pronouns when they are clear by context is a relatively new phenomena, caused by the drastic simplification of Azkali conjugation between the 1900s and 2000s. | ||
Azkali is primarily a head-initial language. Azkali nouns go before adjectives, auxiliary verbs go before main verbs, and possesses go before possessors. Notably, Azkali uses a combination of postpositions and prepositions, with prepositions predominating. Further still, a number of prepositions fuse with the noun they modify. | Azkali is primarily a head-initial language. Azkali nouns go before adjectives, auxiliary verbs go before main verbs, and possesses go before possessors. Notably, Azkali uses a combination of postpositions and prepositions, with prepositions predominating. Further still, a number of prepositions fuse with the noun they modify. | ||