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'''Muwag''' (''muwag es-ne'', <small>pronunciation:</small> [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:IPA <nowiki>[mu.ʋˤɑg ɛs.n̪e]</nowiki>]) is an Ukilen language spoken in the country of [[Foi]]. It is [one of the?] the official language in Foi, and has approximately 16 million native speakers.
'''Vhauk''' (''vhauk źiź'', <small>pronunciation:</small> [[w:Help:IPA|[vˠauk ʒʲɪʒˠ]]]) is an Ukilenic language spoken in the country of [[Çifi]]. It is one of two official languages, and has around 41.6 million native speakers.


Being part of the Ukilen language family, it is related to the [[Baphian language|Baphian]] languages, [[Kzmr language|Kzmr]], and [[Jkawi language|Jkawi]]. Muwag is arguably the most innovative language in the language family, having features that are not found elsewhere. Muwag has significantly changed both phonologically and grammatically.  
Being part of the Ukilen language family, it is related to the [[Baphian language|Baphian]] languages, [[Kzmr language|Kzmr]], [[Jkawi language|Jkawi]], [[Hallusian language|Hallusian]], and Yamahati. Vhauk has diverged significantly from the other Ukilen languages.


Most vocabulary in Muwag is derived from [[Proto-Ukilen]], but many words have been taken from a substrate language called [[Pre-Muwag language|Pre-Muwag]]. There are also words from [[Loremese language|Loremese]].
Most vocabulary in Vhauk is derived directly from Proto-Ukilen, but a large portion of words are from a substrate language known as Pre-Vhauk. A very small part of Vhauk vocabulary is borrowed from [[Loremese language|Loremese]].


== Name of the language and etymology ==
== Name of the language and etymology ==
The name ''Muwag'' can be traced back to Proto-Ukilen, from a noun ''*mubawa'' 'water'. The inflection that the name is derived from is the inanimate genitive singular declension of ''*mubawa'', i.e. ''*mubawa-ga:ʒ''. This translates to 'of the water'.
The name ''Vhauk'' is from the Proto-Ukilen word for water, ''*mubawa.''
 
Many native speakers of the language say that the reason why the name of the language is ''Muwag'' is because the speakers of the language have always been near water. This is the leading consensus among linguists and historians.


== History ==
== History ==
Like other Ukilen languages, the Muwag language is a descendent of Proto-Ukilen. The language was brought to the territory of modern-day Foi by migration via boats. Due to this isolation from other Ukilen languages, the language developed without any Ukilen influences.
Like other Ukilen languages, the Vhauk language is a descendent of Proto-Ukilen. The language was brought to the territory of modern-day Çifi by migration via boats. Due to this isolation from other Ukilen languages, the language developed without any Ukilen influences.


Based upon historic and lexical evidence, it is assumed that there was a language spoken before the Old Muwag speakers became predominant in the area of modern-day Foi. Historical linguists have given this unattested language the name of Pre-Muwag. The main evidence for the existence of this language is due to the presence of an initial /ʃ/ or /ʒ/ in many words.
Based upon historic and lexical evidence, it is assumed that there was a language spoken before the Old Vhauk speakers became predominant in the area of modern-day Çifi. Historical linguists have given this unattested language the name of Pre-Vhauk.


Comparison with other Ukilen languages has made it easier to see if words are from Proto-Ukilen or Pre-Muwag.
Comparison with other Ukilen languages has made it easier to see if words are from Proto-Ukilen or Pre-Vhauk.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Table of compared cognates
|+Table of compared cognates
!Proto-Ukilen
!Proto-Ukilen
!Muwag
!Vhauk
!Kzmr
!Kzmr
!Jkawi
!Jkawi
Line 26: Line 24:
|-
|-
!''*tuðɹhe''
!''*tuðɹhe''
|[dulʲ]
|
|[tɵ̞ðr̩]
|[tɵ̞ðr̩]
|[tu.ˈɾe]
|[tu.ˈɾe]
|[tiɭ.ˈje]
|[di´.jɛ̝]
|''<nowiki/>'language'''
|''<nowiki/>'language'''
|-
|-
!''*dogɑʃ''
!''*dogɑʃ''
|[za]
|
|[dɵ̞ɢoȿ]
|[dɵ̞ɢoȿ]
|[do.ˈgas]
|[do.ˈgas]
|[dɑ.ˈgos]
|[to̞.tso̞´]
|''<nowiki/>'bird'''
|''<nowiki/>'bird'''
|-
|-
!''*mubawa''
!''*mubawa''
|[vɑʋˤ]
|
|[mɵ̞bu]
|[mɵ̞bu]
|[mu.ˈbau̯]
|[mu.ˈbau̯]
|[mu.ˈbe.ve]
|[mu.pɛ̝´.wɛ̝]
|''<nowiki/>'water'''
|''<nowiki/>'water'''
|}
|}


== Geographical distribution ==
== Geographical distribution ==
Muwag is the primary and official language of Foi, with it being the only place with a majority of Muwag speakers. It is estimated that Muwag has around 16 million native speakers.
Vhauk is the native language of Çifi, being one of two official languages. The other official language is [[Hallusian language|Hallusian]].


The largest concentration of Muwag speakers is in the capital city of Foi, [[Žar]].
The largest concentration of Vhauk speakers is in the capital city of Çifi, [[Thui]].
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