Tova language: Difference between revisions

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==== Noun cases ====

The nine noun cases in Tova are ''nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, comitative, inessive, adessive, ablative, and vocative''.

The nine noun cases in Tova are ''nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, comitative, inessive, adessive, ablative, and vocative''. They can be organized into argument cases, the genitive, locative cases, and the vocative.

===== Argument cases =====

These cases listed below are used to mark the arguments of a verb.

'''The nominative case'''

~~===== The nominative case =====~~

The nominative case is used for subjects of verbs. For copulative verbs (like ''tana'' 'to be, exist'), the objects of them are put in the nominative case.

~~=====~~ The accusative case ~~=====~~

'''The accusative case'''

The accusative case is used for the direct objects of transitive verbs.

~~=====~~ The dative case ~~=====~~

'''The dative case'''

The dative case is used for the indirect objects of transitive verbs, or the arguments of intransitive verbs. Generally, it corresponds to ''''to NOUN'''<nowiki/>'.

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The genitive case is used for the indication of possession. The order of possession is ''possessed noun in the definite'' + ''possesser in the genitive''. For example: ''úmmújes'' ''źatnanik'' 'A cleaner's pen' / 'The pen of a cleaner'.

===== ~~The comitative case~~ =====

===== Locative cases =====

The cases listed below are used to mark location or movement of nouns.

'''The comitative case'''

The comitative case corresponds to ''''with NOUN'''<nowiki/>'. It is used for accompaniment or instrumental usage, like ''with him'' and ''with a pen'', respectively.

~~=====~~ The inessive case ~~=====~~

'''The inessive case'''

The inessive case is a locative case that indicates location inside or in the noun that the case is applied to.

~~=====~~ The adessive case ~~=====~~

'''The adessive case'''

The adessive case is a locative case that indicates location at, upon, or around the noun that the case is applied to.

~~=====~~ The ablative case ~~=====~~

'''The ablative case'''

The ablative case is a case that indicated motion away from something, but also a location that is ''from'' the noun it is applied to.

===== The vocative case =====

===== '''The vocative case''' =====

The vocative case is a case that is used for direct addressing of the noun that it is applied to. It is more common to see this case be used in religious texts, but there is still modern usage.

@@ Line 248: / Line 248: @@
 ==== Noun cases ====
-The nine noun cases in Tova are ''nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, comitative, inessive, adessive, ablative, and vocative''.
+The nine noun cases in Tova are ''nominative, accusative, dative, genitive, comitative, inessive, adessive, ablative, and vocative''. They can be organized into argument cases, the genitive, locative cases, and the vocative.
+===== Argument cases =====
+These cases listed below are used to mark the arguments of a verb.
+'''The nominative case'''
-===== The nominative case =====
 The nominative case is used for subjects of verbs. For copulative verbs (like ''tana'' 'to be, exist'), the objects of them are put in the nominative case.
-===== The accusative case =====
+'''The accusative case'''
 The accusative case is used for the direct objects of transitive verbs.
-===== The dative case =====
+'''The dative case'''
 The dative case is used for the indirect objects of transitive verbs, or the arguments of intransitive verbs. Generally, it corresponds to ''''to NOUN'''<nowiki/>'.
@@ Line 262: / Line 268: @@
 The genitive case is used for the indication of possession. The order of possession is ''possessed noun in the definite'' + ''possesser in the genitive''. For example: ''úmmújes'' ''źatnanik'' 'A cleaner's pen' / 'The pen of a cleaner'.
-===== The comitative case =====
+===== Locative cases =====
+The cases listed below are used to mark location or movement of nouns.
+'''The comitative case'''
 The comitative case corresponds to ''''with NOUN'''<nowiki/>'. It is used for accompaniment or instrumental usage, like ''with him'' and ''with a pen'', respectively.
-===== The inessive case =====
+'''The inessive case'''
 The inessive case is a locative case that indicates location inside or in the noun that the case is applied to.
-===== The adessive case =====
+'''The adessive case'''
 The adessive case is a locative case that indicates location at, upon, or around the noun that the case is applied to.
-===== The ablative case =====
+'''The ablative case'''
 The ablative case is a case that indicated motion away from something, but also a location that is ''from'' the noun it is applied to.
-===== The vocative case =====
+===== '''The vocative case''' =====
 The vocative case is a case that is used for direct addressing of the noun that it is applied to. It is more common to see this case be used in religious texts, but there is still modern usage.