Tova language: Difference between revisions

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===== The vocative case =====

The vocative case is a case that is used for direct addressing of the noun that it is applied to. It is more common to see this case be used in religious texts, but there is still modern usage.

==== Pluralization ====

Plurals in Tova have, depending on how one counts, seven different patterns, and they are dependent on the sounds of a word.

===== ''Ia'': Non-fricative final consonant =====

If a noun / adjective ends in a consonant, and if that consonant is not a fricative, then the vowel closest to the end of the word will be added at the end as the plural.

For example: The plural of ''muluk'' 'end' is ''muluku'' 'ends'. Since the final vowel in ''muluk'' is /u/, that vowel is added at the end for the plural.

===== ''Ib'': Fricative final consonant =====

If a noun / adjective ends in a consonant, and if that consonant is a fricative, the vowel closest to end of the word will be added at the end as the plural, but it will be lengthened.

For example: ''mujus'' 'write' → ''mujusú'' 'writes'.

===== ''IIa'': Non-fricative + vowel final sequence =====

If a noun / adjective ends in a sequence of a non-fricative and then a vowel, the affix applied is ''-nV'', where ''V'' is the closest vowel to the end of the word.

For example: ''múseru'' 'relating to a torture device' → ''múserunu'' 'relating to a torture device (used for agreeing with nouns in the plural)'.

===== ''IIb'': Fricative + vowel final sequence =====

If a noun / adjective ends in a sequence of a fricative and then a vowel, the affix applied is ''-nV́'', where ''V́'' is the closest vowel to the end of the word, but lengthened.

For example: ''ukfásu'' 'relating to an act of hearing' → ''ukfásunú'' 'relating to an act of hearing (used for agreeing with nouns in the plural)'.

===== ''IIIa'': Initial VCVCC sequence =====

If a noun / adjective begins in a sequence that is V1C1V2C2C3, the pluralization pattern is V2C1C2aC3.

For example: ''itulsan'' 'god' → ''utlasan'' 'gods'.

===== ''IIIb'': Initial CVCV sequence =====

If a noun / adjective begins in a sequence of C1V1C2V2, the pluralization pattern is V1C1C2V1.

For example: ''takúseç'' 'crane' → ''atkúseç'' 'cranes'

===== ''IIIc'': Initial VCVCV sequence =====

If a noun / adjective begins in a sequence of V1C1V2C2V3, the pluralization pattern is V2C1C2V3.

For example: ''itulavsan'' 'greatest god' → ''utlavsan'' 'greatest gods'.

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 ===== The vocative case =====
 The vocative case is a case that is used for direct addressing of the noun that it is applied to. It is more common to see this case be used in religious texts, but there is still modern usage.
+==== Pluralization ====
+Plurals in Tova have, depending on how one counts, seven different patterns, and they are dependent on the sounds of a word.
+===== ''Ia'': Non-fricative final consonant =====
+If a noun / adjective ends in a consonant, and if that consonant is not a fricative, then the vowel closest to the end of the word will be added at the end as the plural.
+For example: The plural of ''muluk'' 'end' is ''muluku'' 'ends'. Since the final vowel in ''muluk'' is /u/, that vowel is added at the end for the plural.
+===== ''Ib'': Fricative final consonant =====
+If a noun / adjective ends in a consonant, and if that consonant is a fricative, the vowel closest to end of the word will be added at the end as the plural, but it will be lengthened.
+For example: ''mujus'' 'write' → ''mujusú'' 'writes'.
+===== ''IIa'': Non-fricative + vowel final sequence =====
+If a noun / adjective ends in a sequence of a non-fricative and then a vowel, the affix applied is ''-nV'', where ''V'' is the closest vowel to the end of the word.
+For example: ''múseru'' 'relating to a torture device' → ''múserunu'' 'relating to a torture device (used for agreeing with nouns in the plural)'.
+===== ''IIb'': Fricative + vowel final sequence =====
+If a noun / adjective ends in a sequence of a fricative and then a vowel, the affix applied is ''-nV́'', where ''V́'' is the closest vowel to the end of the word, but lengthened.
+For example: ''ukfásu'' 'relating to an act of hearing' → ''ukfásunú'' 'relating to an act of hearing (used for agreeing with nouns in the plural)'.
+===== ''IIIa'': Initial VCVCC sequence =====
+If a noun / adjective begins in a sequence that is V<sub>1</sub>C<sub>1</sub>V<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>C<sub>3</sub>, the pluralization pattern is V<sub>2</sub>C<sub>1</sub>C<sub>2</sub>aC<sub>3</sub>.
+For example: ''itulsan'' 'god' → ''utlasan'' 'gods'.
+===== ''IIIb'': Initial CVCV sequence =====
+If a noun / adjective begins in a sequence of C<sub>1</sub>V<sub>1</sub>C<sub>2</sub>V<sub>2</sub>, the pluralization pattern is V<sub>1</sub>C<sub>1</sub>C<sub>2</sub>V<sub>1</sub>.
+For example: ''takúseç'' 'crane' → ''atkúseç'' 'cranes'
+===== ''IIIc'': Initial VCVCV sequence =====
+If a noun / adjective begins in a sequence of V<sub>1</sub>C<sub>1</sub>V<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>V<sub>3</sub>, the pluralization pattern is V<sub>2</sub>C<sub>1</sub>C<sub>2</sub>V<sub>3</sub>.
+For example: ''itulavsan'' 'greatest god' → ''utlavsan'' 'greatest gods'.