Hngatil grammar: Difference between revisions
imported>Photosynthesis bisectors |
imported>Photosynthesis bisectors |
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|+Mood inflection | |+Mood inflection | ||
!Indicative | !Indicative | ||
| | |''∅ or nng(a)-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Conditional | !Conditional | ||
|dg(i(i))- | |''dg(i(i))-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Optative | !Optative | ||
|hnat'(i))- | |''hnat'(i))-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Presumptive | !Presumptive | ||
|llat'(a)- | |''llat'(a)-'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Inferrential | !Inferrential | ||
|dbat'(a)- | |''dbat'(a)-'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
=== Classifiers === | === Classifiers === | ||
Hngatil has a number of different suffixes that classify the physical nature, characteristics, and properties, if applicable, of the noun in the sentence. There are some fourteen different classifier suffixes in Hngatil. In addition, many common verbs have different stems based on the classifier suffix; Hngatil has no one verb stem meaning ''to cut'' - instead, there are | Hngatil has a number of different suffixes that classify the physical nature, characteristics, and properties, if applicable, of the noun in the sentence. There are some fourteen different classifier suffixes in Hngatil. In addition, many common verbs have different stems based on the classifier suffix; Hngatil has no one verb stem meaning ''to cut'' - instead, there are 6 different verb stems for each classifier. | ||
The list of classifiers are shown below | The list of classifiers are shown below. Note that some classifiers may overlap in meaning with eachother. | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
| Line 56: | Line 56: | ||
!Examples | !Examples | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Solid object | |||
|SO | |SO | ||
| rowspan="2" | -(a)typa | | rowspan="2" | ''-(a)typa'' | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Round object | |||
|RO | |RO | ||
|''Stem change'' | |''Stem change'' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Slender Flexible object | |||
|SFO | |SFO | ||
| rowspan="2" | -(a)ki(i) | | rowspan="2" | ''-(a)ki(i)'' | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
!Slender Fixed object | |||
|SFI | |SFI | ||
|''Stem change'' | |''Stem change'' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
!Load object | |||
|LO | |||
| rowspan="3" |''-(a)pi(i)'' | |||
| | |||
|Backpack, sack, etc. | |||
|- | |||
!Open container | |||
|OC | |||
|''Stem change'' | |||
|Glass of water, handful of flour, etc. | |||
|- | |||
!Closed container | |||
|CC | |||
|''Stem change'' | |||
|Box, closed water bottle, etc. | |||
|- | |||
!Animate object | |||
|AO | |||
| rowspan="2" |''-(a)k'u(u)'' | |||
| | |||
|Kali, human, etc. | |||
|- | |||
!Semianimate object | |||
|SAO | |||
|''Stem change'' | |||
|Pig, cows, crow | |||
|- | |||
!Inanimate object | |||
|IO | |||
|''-(a)ŵa'' | |||
| | |||
|Terrain, building | |||
|- | |||
!Plural objects | |||
|PO | |||
|''-(a)ki(i)t''' | |||
| | |||
|Buildings, pigs, cows, persons, etc | |||
|- | |||
!Long tall object | |||
|LTO | |||
|''-(a)ra'' | |||
| | |||
|Bow, flag, etc. | |||
|- | |||
!Smooth object | |||
|SMO | |||
| rowspan="2" |''-(a)ddi(i)'' | |||
|''Stem change'' | |||
|Sphere, ball, etc. | |||
|- | |||
!Rigid object | |||
|RO | |||
| | |||
|Rock, mountains, etc. | |||
|} | |} | ||
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# '''Perfective''' - an action viewed completely, and without internal structure, i.e as a whole. | # '''Perfective''' - an action viewed completely, and without internal structure, i.e as a whole. | ||
# '''Momentane''' - an action that suddenly occurs, lacking internal structure - often used to emphasize the | # '''Momentane''' - an action that suddenly occurs, lacking internal structure - often used to emphasize the suddenness of the action | ||
# '''Prospective''' - an action describing an event that occurs subsequently to a time or another verb | # '''Prospective''' - an action describing an event that occurs subsequently to a time or another verb | ||
# '''Habitual''' - an action which regularly, habitually, occurs | # '''Habitual''' - an action which regularly, habitually, occurs | ||