Azkali language: Difference between revisions

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In Azkali, both tense and mood are marked in a single affix that attaches to the verb. Occasionally, tense is doubly marked as a secondary suffix: see '''Seperate tense markings'''.

==== ~~Dialectal~~ tense markings ====

==== Seperate tense markings ====

In certain dialects of Azkali - most promenantly the Otzeipao dialect and generally most of which are influenced by Oikan - optional tense markings

In certain dialects of Azkali - most promenantly the Otzeipao dialect and generally most of which are influenced by Oikan - optional tense markings are present.

==== First declension group ====

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As the table plainly shows, in third declension group verbs, two unique evolutions have occured: the far past and past tenses have merged, and the future tense of which is present in the other two declension groups only as a dialectal feature is fully present in all third declension group verbs. Not present in conditional verbs of the other two declension groups is the lack of the ''nak'' particle. The soft imperative marker -pua appears to be from the Oikan future imperative marker -bua. Generally, third declension group verbs are somewhat difficult to master, due to moderate amounts of irregularity between those verbs, and the incongruity between forming conditional verbs in the third declension group compared to the other two.

Other notable features of the third declension group involves how verbs are conjugated. Generally, the final sound of a verb, e.g. the ''n'' in ''heudhun'' will be dropped, and then affixes will be applied. E.g. ''heudhun'' 'to mature' ⟶ ''heudhu'''mi''''' 'I mature. In addition, the baseform of the verb, in this case ''heudhun'', is interpreted as the infinitive ~~version. While adding a~~ ''te'' particle~~, of~~ which ~~applies to~~ the other ~~two~~ declension groups ~~occurs~~, it is ~~fairly uncommon~~.

Other notable features of the third declension group involves how verbs are conjugated. Generally, the final sound of a verb, e.g. the ''n'' in ''heudhun'' will be dropped, and then affixes will be applied. E.g. ''heudhun'' 'to mature' ⟶ ''heudhu'''mi''''' 'I mature. In addition, the baseform of the verb, in this case ''heudhun'', is interpreted as the hard imperative form of the verb. To conjugate an infinitive form of the verb, one must add the ''te'' particle which exists in the other declension groups to the non past version, of which is unmarked in every other declension group.

The table that describes all affixes in verbs belonging to the third declension group is shown below.

{| class="wikitable"

! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Heudhun

! colspan="3" |Singular

! rowspan="2" |Plural

|-

!1st Person

!2nd Person

!3rd Person

|-

! rowspan="4" |'''Indicative'''

!Far past

| rowspan="2" | -tzen

| rowspan="2" | -tz

| rowspan="2" | -zt

| rowspan="2" | -zte

|-

!Past

|-

!Non past

| -mi

| -zi

| -ti

| -moz

|-

!Future

| -pumi

| -puazi

| -puati

| -pumoz

|-

! rowspan="4" |'''Conditional'''

!Far past

| rowspan="2" | -lazem

| rowspan="2" | -laz

| rowspan="2" | -lazt

| rowspan="2" | -lazume

|-

!Past

|-

!Non past

| -lumi

| -lazi

| -lati

| -lomoz

|-

!Future

| -pulumi

| -puhelazi

| -puhelati

| -polomoz

|-

! rowspan="2" |'''Imperative'''

!Hard

! rowspan="2" |Ø

| colspan="3" |[Stem]

|-

!Soft

| colspan="3" | -pua, -epua

|}

==== Lack of aspect ====

One of the most notable features of Azkali verbs is the lack of any grammatical aspect.

=== Irregular verbs ===

@@ Line 841: / Line 841: @@
 In Azkali, both tense and mood are marked in a single affix that attaches to the verb. Occasionally, tense is doubly marked as a secondary suffix: see '''Seperate tense markings'''.
-==== Dialectal tense markings ====
+==== Seperate tense markings ====
-In certain dialects of Azkali - most promenantly the Otzeipao dialect and generally most of which are influenced by Oikan - optional tense markings
+In certain dialects of Azkali - most promenantly the Otzeipao dialect and generally most of which are influenced by Oikan - optional tense markings are present.
 ==== First declension group ====
@@ Line 1,141: / Line 1,141: @@
 As the table plainly shows, in third declension group verbs, two unique evolutions have occured: the far past and past tenses have merged, and the future tense of which is present in the other two declension groups only as a dialectal feature is fully present in all third declension group verbs. Not present in conditional verbs of the other two declension groups is the lack of the ''nak'' particle. The soft imperative marker -pua appears to be from the Oikan future imperative marker -bua. Generally, third declension group verbs are somewhat difficult to master, due to moderate amounts of irregularity between those verbs, and the incongruity between forming conditional verbs in the third declension group compared to the other two.
-Other notable features of the third declension group involves how verbs are conjugated. Generally, the final sound of a verb, e.g. the ''n'' in ''heudhun'' will be dropped, and then affixes will be applied. E.g. ''heudhun'' 'to mature' ⟶ ''heudhu'''mi''''' 'I mature. In addition, the baseform of the verb, in this case ''heudhun'', is interpreted as the infinitive version. While adding a ''te'' particle, of which applies to the other two declension groups occurs, it is fairly uncommon.
+Other notable features of the third declension group involves how verbs are conjugated. Generally, the final sound of a verb, e.g. the ''n'' in ''heudhun'' will be dropped, and then affixes will be applied. E.g. ''heudhun'' 'to mature' ⟶ ''heudhu'''mi''''' 'I mature. In addition, the baseform of the verb, in this case ''heudhun'', is interpreted as the hard imperative form of the verb. To conjugate an infinitive form of the verb, one must add the ''te'' particle which exists in the other declension groups to the non past version, of which is unmarked in every other declension group.
+The table that describes all affixes in verbs belonging to the third declension group is shown below.
+{| class="wikitable"
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Heudhun
+! colspan="3" |Singular
+! rowspan="2" |Plural
+|-
+!1st Person
+!2nd Person
+!3rd Person
+|-
+! rowspan="4" |'''Indicative'''
+!Far past
+| rowspan="2" | -tzen
+| rowspan="2" | -tz
+| rowspan="2" | -zt
+| rowspan="2" | -zte
+|-
+!Past
+|-
+!Non past
+| -mi
+| -zi
+| -ti
+| -moz
+|-
+!Future
+| -pumi
+| -puazi
+| -puati
+| -pumoz
+|-
+! rowspan="4" |'''Conditional'''
+!Far past
+| rowspan="2" | -lazem
+| rowspan="2" | -laz
+| rowspan="2" | -lazt
+| rowspan="2" | -lazume
+|-
+!Past
+|-
+!Non past
+| -lumi
+| -lazi
+| -lati
+| -lomoz
+|-
+!Future
+| -pulumi
+| -puhelazi
+| -puhelati
+| -polomoz
+|-
+! rowspan="2" |'''Imperative'''
+!Hard
+! rowspan="2" |Ø
+| colspan="3" |[Stem]
+|-
+!Soft
+| colspan="3" | -pua, -epua
+|}
 ==== Lack of aspect ====
+One of the most notable features of Azkali verbs is the lack of any grammatical aspect.
 === Irregular verbs ===