Alhi language: Difference between revisions
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The tenses that exist in Alhi verbs are: the present, the future, the near past, and the future past. This 4-way distinction only exists in indicative mood of the non-aspectual aspect & progressive aspect. Most other moods only distinguish present, future, and past. | The tenses that exist in Alhi verbs are: the present, the future, the near past, and the future past. This 4-way distinction only exists in indicative mood of the non-aspectual aspect & progressive aspect. Most other moods only distinguish present, future, and past. | ||
==== Indicative mood ==== | ==== The non-aspectual aspect ==== | ||
The 'non-aspectual' aspect in Alhi verbs corresponds to actions that are perfective in nature, not ''perfect'', as that is another aspect on its own. | |||
===== Indicative mood ===== | |||
The indicative mood in Alhi is used to convey real information, statements, or facts. | The indicative mood in Alhi is used to convey real information, statements, or facts. | ||
===== The present ===== | ====== The present ====== | ||
The present tense in the indicative mood corresponds to actions that occur in the 'now'. | The present tense in the indicative mood corresponds to actions that occur in the 'now'. | ||
* | * '''Vo''' colu. — '''I am''' good. (The copula, ''vulun'', is the only verb to not require a subject pronoun.) | ||
* '''Daon''' '''ei''' heitiri. — '''She recieves''' a sword. | * '''Daon''' '''ei''' heitiri. — '''She recieves''' a sword. | ||
* '''Keleu eil''' heilor. — '''They play''' amongst themselves. | * '''Keleu eil''' heilor. — '''They play''' amongst themselves. | ||
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Verbs in the third person present indicative non-aspectual are the same as the stem of the verb (infinitive-less verb). | Verbs in the third person present indicative non-aspectual are the same as the stem of the verb (infinitive-less verb). | ||
===== The future ===== | ====== The future ====== | ||
The future tense in the indicative mood corresponds to actions that occur in the future or 'later'. Unlike the past tense, this future tense corresponds to any action that will occur in any amount of time in the future. In Classical Alhi, there was distinct near future and far future tense but this system eventually collapsed to one singular future tense. | The future tense in the indicative mood corresponds to actions that occur in the future or 'later'. Unlike the past tense, this future tense corresponds to any action that will occur in any amount of time in the future. In Classical Alhi, there was distinct near future and far future tense but this system eventually collapsed to one singular future tense. | ||
* | * '''Vos''' lozkuliz. — '''I will be''' a husband. | ||
* '''Ojelf''' '''ei'''. — '''She will change'''. | * '''Ojelf''' '''ei'''. — '''She will change'''. | ||
* '''Edosam eil''' oum. — '''They will throw''' it. | * '''Edosam eil''' oum. — '''They will throw''' it. | ||
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===== The near (proximal) past ===== | ====== The near (proximal) past ====== | ||
As is stated in the name, the near past is used to refer to actions that have recently occured. The window of 'recency' is relative to the time frame, if established, in the conversation. For example, if one was talking about actions that occured ''last week'', then actions that occured ''yesterday'' or ''two days ago'' would be in the near past. If an action has 'just' occured, then the verb will always be conjugated for the near past. | As is stated in the name, the near past is used to refer to actions that have recently occured. The window of 'recency' is relative to the time frame, if established, in the conversation. For example, if one was talking about actions that occured ''last week'', then actions that occured ''yesterday'' or ''two days ago'' would be in the near past. If an action has 'just' occured, then the verb will always be conjugated for the near past. | ||
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===== The far (distal) past ===== | ====== The far (distal) past ====== | ||
The distal past refers to actions that occured 'a long time ago'. Just like the proximal past, this window of 'long time ago' is dependant on the established time frame. If no time frame has been established, then verbs will be conjugated for this tense, except for if the action had 'just' occured. | The distal past refers to actions that occured 'a long time ago'. Just like the proximal past, this window of 'long time ago' is dependant on the established time frame. If no time frame has been established, then verbs will be conjugated for this tense, except for if the action had 'just' occured. | ||
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|''kelna'' 'They recently played (plural)' | |''kelna'' 'They recently played (plural)' | ||
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==== The subjunctive mood ==== | |||
The subjunctive mood in Alhi is used to convey doubt, feelings, wishes, opinions, suggestions, etc. It can also be used for impersonal statements like ''Hido colu...'' 'It is good...'. Some usages of the subjunctive may involve a relative clause, such as ''Mo kelei mon, hido tusu.'' "It is bad that you wouldn't play." | |||