Azkali grammar: Difference between revisions
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=== Pronouns === | === Pronouns === | ||
In Azkali, pronouns are often combined with determiners to form the pronoun part of speech. | In Azkali, pronouns are often combined with determiners to form the pronoun part of speech. Pronouns in Azkali are inflected to indicate their role in the clause, as well as the person, gender, and number of their referent. | ||
It should be noted that Azkali is a non-pro-drop language; in almost all clauses it is impossible to determine the subjects or objects of a verb without pronouns. | |||
==== Personal and reflexive pronouns ==== | ==== Personal and reflexive pronouns ==== | ||
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! colspan="2" |1st | ! colspan="2" |1st | ||
|go | |go | ||
| | |en | ||
|enek | |||
|goz | |goz | ||
|get | |get | ||
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! colspan="3" |Plural | ! colspan="3" |Plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
!1p | !<small>1p</small> | ||
!2p | !<small>2p</small> | ||
!3p | !<small>3p</small> | ||
!1p | !<small>1p</small> | ||
!2p | !<small>2p</small> | ||
!3p | !<small>3p</small> | ||
!1p | !<small>1p</small> | ||
!2p | !<small>2p</small> | ||
!3p | !<small>3p</small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
|itu | |itu | ||
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* ''hataizu huka itu (would have lost)'' | * ''hataizu huka itu (would have lost)'' | ||
* ''patzegiu huka itu (would have worked)'' | * ''patzegiu huka itu (would have worked)'' | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
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* ''patzegi nasa isan (can work)'' | * ''patzegi nasa isan (can work)'' | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |||
==== Peculiarities ==== | |||
Azkali verbs have several peculiarities that seperate them from how other languages treat verbs. Here are several examples: | |||
===== Impersonal verbs ===== | |||
Impersonal verbs are verbs that have no definite subject, for example the verb "to rain". Most, but not all impersonal verbs are atmospheric verbs, i.e "to rain", "to be hot", etc. Azkali treats these types of verbs strangely. | |||
The sentence "it is raining" translates in Azkali to ''Marikiko isaniko''. The structure of this sentence is demonstrated below: | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+Structure of the Azkali sentence "''Marikiko isaniko''" | |||
|Mariki | |||
| -ko | |||
|isan | |||
| -i- | |||
| -ko | |||
|- | |||
!to rain (non-past) | |||
!serial verb construction | |||
marker | |||
!to be (non-past, | |||
1p, 2p, 3p form) | |||
!irregular epenthetic | |||
of serial marker used | |||
solely for ''isan'' | |||
!serial verb construction | |||
marker | |||
|} | |} | ||
=== Adjectives === | === Adjectives === | ||
Adjectives in Azkali are work quite simply, and act like nouns in most ways. Adjectives are | Adjectives in Azkali are work quite simply, and act like nouns in most ways. In Azkali, no distinction is made between adjectives and adverbs. Adjectives are declined for the plurality of the noun which they modify, based on these rules: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+Azkali adjective | |+Azkali adjective declination | ||
! | ! | ||
!Singular | !Singular | ||
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* Tzo huka hetianetz ret'''aitzi''' (They (paucal) have a small box) | * Tzo huka hetianetz ret'''aitzi''' (They (paucal) have a small box) | ||
* Thou hezi hetianerek ret'''ais''' (They (plural) have a small box) | * Thou hezi hetianerek ret'''ais''' (They (plural) have a small box) | ||
In informal speech, however, a new phenomena of not declining adjectives for the number of the nouns that they modify is being observed. | |||
=== Adpositions === | |||
Azkali pre | |||
== Notes == | |||