Hngatil grammar: Difference between revisions

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This article provides an overview of the grammar of the [[Hngatil language]], a language spoken by 100,000 people in central and northwestern [[Azkali]].

In Hngatil discussions, there are three different parts of speech, which are very different from any other extant language; verbs, simple nouns, and verbal nouns (nominals refer to nouns in general, covering the meaning of simple and verbal nouns). What would be a pronoun in another language can be interpreted as either belonging to the verb part of speech and also the simple noun part of speech. Hngatil is a verb heavy language, and there are more verbs in the language than there are nouns. This is not to say that Hngatil is a closed class language - new verbs, simple, and verbal nouns are constantly being created, but in general there are far more verbs than nominals. Due to the way verbal nouns in particular work, which significantly outnumber simple nouns in quantity, some have interpreted that most Hngatil nominals work more like verbs.

== Verbal morphology ==

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=== Verbal noun morphology ===

Verbal nouns work remarkably different than simple nouns. Verbal nouns are composed of a combined noun class and nominalizing suffix. Verbal nouns take no marking for case, unlike simple nouns.

Verbal nouns work remarkably different than simple nouns. Verbal nouns are composed of a combined noun class and nominalizing suffix. Verbal nouns take no marking for case, unlike simple nouns. Verbal nouns are more often than not derived from verbs, but some are not, yet still are treated as verbal nouns due to the mandatory suffix they take. A vast majority of verbal nouns lack the vowel /i/ and its long variant, but this is not a universal rule, demonstrated easily by the Hngatil word for verbal nouns, ''ddingurru''.

Verbal nouns also share general phonological features, as well — all are required to end with vowels. Most verbal nouns start with either /d/, /k/, /k͡p/, or /a/,

There are 18 noun classes that verbal nouns mark for. These are the suffixes:

{| class="wikitable"

|+~~Cobmined~~ noun class and nominalizing suffix

|+Combined noun class and nominalizing suffix

!Noun class

!Form

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| -hnahnu(u)

|-

!~~Other~~

!Concept, other

| -u(u)

| -rru(u)

|}

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 This article provides an overview of the grammar of the [[Hngatil language]], a language spoken by 100,000 people in central and northwestern [[Azkali]].
+In Hngatil discussions, there are three different parts of speech, which are very different from any other extant language; verbs, simple nouns, and verbal nouns (nominals refer to nouns in general, covering the meaning of simple and verbal nouns). What would be a pronoun in another language can be interpreted as either belonging to the verb part of speech and also the simple noun part of speech. Hngatil is a verb heavy language, and there are more verbs in the language than there are nouns. This is not to say that Hngatil is a closed class language - new verbs, simple, and verbal nouns are constantly being created, but in general there are far more verbs than nominals. Due to the way verbal nouns in particular work, which significantly outnumber simple nouns in quantity, some have interpreted that most Hngatil nominals work more like verbs.
 == Verbal morphology ==
@@ Line 341: / Line 343: @@
 === Verbal noun morphology ===
-Verbal nouns work remarkably different than simple nouns. Verbal nouns are composed of a combined noun class and nominalizing suffix. Verbal nouns take no marking for case, unlike simple nouns.
+Verbal nouns work remarkably different than simple nouns. Verbal nouns are composed of a combined noun class and nominalizing suffix. Verbal nouns take no marking for case, unlike simple nouns. Verbal nouns are more often than not derived from verbs, but some are not, yet still are treated as verbal nouns due to the mandatory suffix they take. A vast majority of verbal nouns lack the vowel /i/ and its long variant, but this is not a universal rule, demonstrated easily by the Hngatil word for verbal nouns, ''ddingurru''.
+Verbal nouns also share general phonological features, as well — all are required to end with vowels. Most verbal nouns start with either /d/, /k/, /k͡p/, or /a/,
 There are 18 noun classes that verbal nouns mark for. These are the suffixes:
 {| class="wikitable"
-|+Cobmined noun class and nominalizing suffix
+|+Combined noun class and nominalizing suffix
 !Noun class
 !Form
@@ Line 400: / Line 404: @@
 | -hnahnu(u)
 |-
-!Other
+!Concept, other
-| -u(u)
+| -rru(u)
 |}