Hngatil grammar: Difference between revisions

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=== Noun morphology ===

Nouns in Hngatil are unusual cross-linguistically in that with the exception of inverse case, only objects are marked with cases. In Hngatil, grammatical case describes the object's relation to the subject. Except for the inverse case, all cases are marked using prefixes. Nouns have eight cases (technically nine, if one includes the always unmarked direct case) that can be declined for - they are the '''inverse case''' (denoting that the true subject of the sentence is different than what would be implied on the person hierarchy), the '''lative case''' (used when the object is moving to the subject), the '''adelative case''' (denoting the object as moving away from the vague vicinity where the subject is), the '''ablative case''' (denoting the object as moving specifically ''from inside'' the subject, or sometimes moving away from the specific area where the subject is located at), the '''essive case''' (denoting that the object as a temporary quality of the subject; more often than not, this can be used to turn nouns into adjectives), the '''distal-originative case''' (denoting the fact that the subject is moving towards the object which is marked, and that the object is far away from the subject), the '''proximal-originative case''' (denoting the fact that the subject is moving towards the object which is marked, and that the object is close to the subject), and the '''infinitive case''' (denoting the object as an abstract concept, or having indeterminate properties, position, shape, etc.)

Nouns in Hngatil are unusual cross-linguistically in that with the exception of inverse case, only objects are marked with cases. In Hngatil, grammatical case describes the object's relation to the subject. Except for the inverse case, all cases are marked using prefixes. Nouns have eight cases (technically nine, if one includes the always unmarked direct case) that can be declined for - they are the '''inverse case''' (denoting that the true subject of the sentence is different than what would be implied on the person hierarchy), the '''lative case''' (used when the object is moving to the subject), the '''adelative case''' (denoting the object as moving away from the vague vicinity where the subject is), the '''ablative case''' (denoting the object as moving specifically ''from inside'' the subject, or sometimes moving away from the specific area where the subject is located at), the '''essive case''' (denoting that the object as a temporary quality of the subject; more often than not, this can be used to turn nouns into adjectives), the '''distal-originative case''' (denoting the fact that the subject is moving towards the object which is marked, and that the object is far away from the subject), the '''proximal-originative case''' (denoting the fact that the subject is moving towards the object which is marked, and that the object is close to the subject), and the '''infinitive case''' (denoting the object as an abstract concept, or having indeterminate properties, position, shape, etc). The inverse case is marked on the first noun of a sentence.

The following chart shows the forms of each case:

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=== Word order ===

Basic word order in Hngatil depends on the transitivity of a verb in a phrase. For phrases that only contain an intransitive verb, or ambitransitive verbs that are used intransitively, the basic word order is as follows: ''Verb-Adjective/Adverb-Subject''. For phrases that contain transitive, ditransitive, or ambritransitive verbs used transitively, the word order is ''Verb-Subject-Adjective/Adverb-Direct Object-Indirect Object'', when applicable

Basic word order in Hngatil depends on the transitivity of a verb in a phrase. For phrases that only contain an intransitive verb, or ambitransitive verbs that are used intransitively, the basic word order is as follows: ''Verb-Adjective/Adverb-Subject''. For phrases that contain transitive, ditransitive, or ambritransitive verbs used transitively, the word order is ''Verb-Subject-Adjective/Adverb-Direct Object-Indirect Object'', when applicable.

@@ Line 167: / Line 167: @@
 === Noun morphology ===
-Nouns in Hngatil are unusual cross-linguistically in that with the exception of inverse case, only objects are marked with cases. In Hngatil, grammatical case describes the object's relation to the subject. Except for the inverse case, all cases are marked using prefixes. Nouns have eight cases (technically nine, if one includes the always unmarked direct case) that can be declined for - they are the '''inverse case''' (denoting that the true subject of the sentence is different than what would be implied on the person hierarchy), the '''lative case''' (used when the object is moving to the subject), the '''adelative case''' (denoting the object as moving away from the vague vicinity where the subject is), the '''ablative case''' (denoting the object as moving specifically ''from inside'' the subject, or sometimes moving away from the specific area where the subject is located at), the '''essive case''' (denoting that the object as a temporary quality of the subject; more often than not, this can be used to turn nouns into adjectives), the '''distal-originative case''' (denoting the fact that the subject is moving towards the object which is marked, and that the object is far away from the subject), the '''proximal-originative case''' (denoting the fact that the subject is moving towards the object which is marked, and that the object is close to the subject), and the '''infinitive case''' (denoting the object as an abstract concept, or having indeterminate properties, position, shape, etc.)
+Nouns in Hngatil are unusual cross-linguistically in that with the exception of inverse case, only objects are marked with cases. In Hngatil, grammatical case describes the object's relation to the subject. Except for the inverse case, all cases are marked using prefixes. Nouns have eight cases (technically nine, if one includes the always unmarked direct case) that can be declined for - they are the '''inverse case''' (denoting that the true subject of the sentence is different than what would be implied on the person hierarchy), the '''lative case''' (used when the object is moving to the subject), the '''adelative case''' (denoting the object as moving away from the vague vicinity where the subject is), the '''ablative case''' (denoting the object as moving specifically ''from inside'' the subject, or sometimes moving away from the specific area where the subject is located at), the '''essive case''' (denoting that the object as a temporary quality of the subject; more often than not, this can be used to turn nouns into adjectives), the '''distal-originative case''' (denoting the fact that the subject is moving towards the object which is marked, and that the object is far away from the subject), the '''proximal-originative case''' (denoting the fact that the subject is moving towards the object which is marked, and that the object is close to the subject), and the '''infinitive case''' (denoting the object as an abstract concept, or having indeterminate properties, position, shape, etc). The inverse case is marked on the first noun of a sentence.
 The following chart shows the forms of each case:
@@ Line 223: / Line 223: @@
 === Word order ===
-Basic word order in Hngatil depends on the transitivity of a verb in a phrase. For phrases that only contain an intransitive verb, or ambitransitive verbs that are used intransitively, the basic word order is as follows: ''Verb-Adjective/Adverb-Subject''. For phrases that contain transitive, ditransitive, or ambritransitive verbs used transitively, the word order is ''Verb-Subject-Adjective/Adverb-Direct Object-Indirect Object'', when applicable
+Basic word order in Hngatil depends on the transitivity of a verb in a phrase. For phrases that only contain an intransitive verb, or ambitransitive verbs that are used intransitively, the basic word order is as follows: ''Verb-Adjective/Adverb-Subject''. For phrases that contain transitive, ditransitive, or ambritransitive verbs used transitively, the word order is ''Verb-Subject-Adjective/Adverb-Direct Object-Indirect Object'', when applicable.