Hngatil grammar: Difference between revisions
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|Rock, mountains, etc. | |Rock, mountains, etc. | ||
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The full paradigm for the verb stem ''ngmai'' - meaning ''to cut'', is shown | The full paradigm for the verb stem ''ngmai'' - meaning ''to cut'', is shown, only with their classifier suffixes; | ||
=== Aspect === | === Aspect === | ||
Hngatil verbs conjugate for | Hngatil verbs conjugate for 17 aspects: | ||
# '''Perfective''' - an action viewed completely, and without internal structure, i.e as a whole. | # '''Perfective''' - an action viewed completely, and without internal structure, i.e as a whole. | ||
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# '''Reversative''' - an action involving the change of direction or intent | # '''Reversative''' - an action involving the change of direction or intent | ||
# '''Distributive''' - an action that occurs or is done or happens to/by a group or location | # '''Distributive''' - an action that occurs or is done or happens to/by a group or location | ||
# '''Semiliterative''' - an action that is repeated many times over a short period of time, and is analyzed as a single action - often associated with vibrating, bending, or rolling objects, and often has a present implication | |||
A list of all aspectual suffix forms is shown below; | A list of all aspectual suffix forms is shown below; | ||
=== Irregular and defective verbs === | === Irregular and defective verbs === | ||
Many Hngatil verbs, particularly the most common verbs, are irregular and defective in aspects marking. | Many Hngatil verbs, particularly the most common verbs, are irregular and defective in aspects marking. Contrary to one what might expect, the verb meaning to be only can be conjugated for the perfective and progressive aspects, though it changes | ||
== Nominal morphology == | == Nominal morphology == | ||
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=== Word order === | === Word order === | ||
Basic word order in Hngatil depends on the transitivity of a verb in a phrase. For phrases that only contain an intransitive verb, or ambitransitive verbs that are used intransitively, the basic word order is as follows: ''Verb-Subject''. For phrases that contain transitive, ditransitive, or ambritransitive verbs used transitively, the word order is ''Verb-Subject-Adjective/Adverb-Direct Object-Indirect Object'' | Basic word order in Hngatil depends on the transitivity of a verb in a phrase. For phrases that only contain an intransitive verb, or ambitransitive verbs that are used intransitively, the basic word order is as follows: ''Verb-Adjective/Adverb-Subject''. For phrases that contain transitive, ditransitive, or ambritransitive verbs used transitively, the word order is ''Verb-Subject-Adjective/Adverb-Direct Object-Indirect Object'', when applicable | ||