Pataxea: Difference between revisions
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'''Proto-Azkali''' is the reconstructed ancestor of the modern [[Azkali language]]. Along with [[Proto-Ukilen]], the reconstruction on Proto-Azkali is one of the most extensive compared to other languages. The first | '''Proto-Azkali''' is the reconstructed ancestor of the modern [[Azkali language]]. Along with [[Proto-Ukilen]], the reconstruction on Proto-Azkali is one of the most extensive compared to other languages. The first conventional of Proto-Azkali started in 1500 AD, leading to the establishment of many modern linguistic reconstruction techniques that have been used for reconstructions of other languages. | ||
== History == | == History == | ||
Throughout early Azkali history, there have been countless records that corroborate the existence of Proto-Azkali as a language. The oldest grammar in the world, the [[Azalyi Gazi Chixgartai Ka]], describes Proto-Azkali's grammar and phonology as it was in 6000 BCE, and dates to atleast 900 BCE, | Throughout early Azkali history, there have been countless records that corroborate the existence of Proto-Azkali as a language. The oldest grammar book in the world, the [[Azalyi Gazi Chixgartai Ka]], describes Proto-Azkali's grammar and phonology as it was in approximately 6000 BCE, and the book itself dates to atleast 900 BCE, or as late as 1100 BCE. | ||
== Urhemiat == | == Urhemiat == | ||
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Verbs in Proto-Azkali were not conjugated. Instead, all relevant information were signified, like nouns, with particles. These particles changed for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Proto-Azkali verbal particles could conjugate for two tenses (past and non past), aspect (imperfective, perfective), and mood (indicative, subjunctive, positive imperative, and negative imperative), in addition to the subject, direct object, and indirect object of a phrase when applicable. | Verbs in Proto-Azkali were not conjugated. Instead, all relevant information were signified, like nouns, with particles. These particles changed for person, tense, aspect, and mood. Proto-Azkali verbal particles could conjugate for two tenses (past and non past), aspect (imperfective, perfective), and mood (indicative, subjunctive, positive imperative, and negative imperative), in addition to the subject, direct object, and indirect object of a phrase when applicable. | ||
Verbs in Proto-Azkali were exceedingly regular, even more so than modern forms of the Azkali language. There were no irregular verbs in the language at all. | Verbs in Proto-Azkali were exceedingly regular, even more so than modern forms of the Azkali language. There were no irregular verbs in the language at all. Contrastingly, verbal particles were by far the most complex parts of Proto-Azkali grammar. This is the template for a verbal particle in Proto-Azkali: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ | |+ | ||
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!Mood | !Mood | ||
!Person | !Person | ||
|} | |||
=== Person indices === | |||
Person marking in verbal particles were indicated by prefixes and suffixes. We will first cover the prefixes, which marked the subject of intransitive verbs and direct objects of transitive verbs. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+Subject/direct object marking (with examples | |||
! rowspan="2" | | |||
! rowspan="2" |Pronoun | |||
! rowspan="2" |Suffix | |||
! rowspan="8" | | |||
! colspan="3" |Intransitive verb | |||
(Present tense, perfective | |||
aspect, indicative mood) | |||
! colspan="3" |Transitive verb | |||
(Present tense, perfective | |||
aspect, indicative mood) | |||
|- | |||
!etwai (to hear) | |||
root "twa" | |||
! | |||
! | |||
! | |||
! | |||
! | |||
|- | |||
!1 singular | |||
|ke | |||
|k(e)- | |||
|ke twa | |||
(I hear) | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!1 plural | |||
|es | |||
|e(t)- | |||
|et twa | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!2 singular | |||
|te | |||
|t(e)- | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!2 plural | |||
|ean | |||
|ea(t)- | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!3 singular | |||
|bai | |||
|b(a)- | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!3 plural | |||
|en | |||
|n(e)- | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |} | ||
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| | | | ||
|to hear | |to hear | ||
| | |twa | ||
| | | | ||
|haitz | |haitz | ||