Azkali grammar: Difference between revisions

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=== Nouns ===

Azkali nouns are overtly declined for six grammatical cases (the ergative, absolutive, possessive, privative, dative, and instrumental) and three numbers (the singular, paucal, and plural), with any type of grammatical gender being completely absent in all attested dialects. Azkali nouns are constructed agglunatively, contrasting extremely with verbs.

Azkali nouns are overtly declined for six grammatical cases (the ergative, absolutive, possessive, privative, dative, and instrumental) and three numbers (the singular, paucal, and plural), with any type of grammatical gender being completely absent in all attested dialects. Azkali nouns are constructed agglunatively, contrasting extremely with verbs. In addition, Azkali also features a robust inverse number system, though it is only regularly used in formal speech.

Affixes occur in

Affixes occur in a relatively set order, displayed in the below noun template chart:

{| class="wikitable"

|+Azkali noun template

!Content

|(Definite article)

!NOUN ROOT

|Case

|Number

|(Definite article)

|(Inverse number)

|-

!Slot

|'''(1a)'''

!2

|'''3'''

|'''4'''

|'''(1b)'''

|'''(5)'''

|}

==== Case ====

[[File:Ergative alignment.svg|thumb|283x283px|A diagram highlighting ergative alignment. '''A''' is the subject of a transitive verb, '''O''' is the object of a transitive verb, and '''S''' is the subject of an intransitive verb. '''S''' and '''O''' are marked in the absolutive case, and '''A''' is marked in the ergative case.]]

Case inflection in Azkali is fairly straightforward; the affixes only change depending on the lack of presence of a root final vowel. There are six grammatical cases in Azkali. The ergative case is used for subjects of transitive verbs. The absolutive case is used for subjects of intransitive verbs and objects of transitive verbs. The possessive case is used for direct ownership. The privative case is used to mark the lack of direct ownership. The dative case is used to mark the indirect object of an action, as well as the purpose of an action. In addition, in extremely formal varieties of Azkali, the dative case is ~~also~~ used to denote a noun that is owned by the noun in the phrase with the possessive case. Finally, the instrumental case is used to mark that the noun is the instrument in which the action is achieved, or occurs; the instrumental case can be used for both physical objects, or ideas and concepts.

Case inflection in Azkali is fairly straightforward; the affixes only change depending on the lack of presence of a root final vowel. There are six grammatical cases in Azkali. The ergative case is used for subjects of transitive verbs. The absolutive case is used for subjects of intransitive verbs and objects of transitive verbs. The possessive case is used for direct ownership. The privative case is used to mark the lack of direct ownership. The dative case is used to mark the indirect object of an action, as well as the purpose of an action. In addition, in extremely formal varieties of Azkali, the dative case is occasionally used to denote a noun that is owned by the noun in the phrase with the possessive case. Finally, the instrumental case is used to mark that the noun is the instrument in which the action is achieved, or occurs; the instrumental case can be used for both physical objects, or ideas and concepts.

In formal varieties of Azkali, the possessive case is used more like a genitive case; the distinction here is that in most forms of Azkali, the possessive case is used purely in the context of possession. Contrastingly, in formal varieties, it's use has broadened to include generic modification.

The following chart shows each case suffix.

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| -ez

|}

~~For the most part,~~

=== Pronouns ===

==== Personal and reflexive pronouns ====

The following table shows each personal pronoun in Azkali, declining for case and number. In addition, there is also reflexive pronouns included; while not a case in itself, in most Azkali grammars, the reflexive pronouns are included with the personal ones.

The following table shows each personal pronoun in Azkali, declining for case and number. In addition, there are also reflexive pronouns included; while not a case in itself, in most Azkali grammars, the reflexive pronouns are included with the personal ones.

{| class="wikitable"

|+Personal pronouns

! colspan="~~2" rowspan="2" |~~

! colspan="9" |Singular

~~! colspan="7~~" |Singular

|-

! colspan="2" |

!Ergative

!Absolutive

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|heiz

|-

! colspan="~~2" |~~

! colspan="9" |Paucal

~~! colspan="7~~" |Paucal

|-

! colspan="2" |1st

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|tzare ten

|-

! colspan="~~2" |~~

! colspan="9" |Plural

~~! colspan="7~~" |Plural

|-

! colspan="2" |1st

@@ Line 5: / Line 5: @@
 === Nouns ===
-Azkali nouns are overtly declined for six grammatical cases (the ergative, absolutive, possessive, privative, dative, and instrumental) and three numbers (the singular, paucal, and plural), with any type of grammatical gender being completely absent in all attested dialects. Azkali nouns are constructed agglunatively, contrasting extremely with verbs.
+Azkali nouns are overtly declined for six grammatical cases (the ergative, absolutive, possessive, privative, dative, and instrumental) and three numbers (the singular, paucal, and plural), with any type of grammatical gender being completely absent in all attested dialects. Azkali nouns are constructed agglunatively, contrasting extremely with verbs. In addition, Azkali also features a robust inverse number system, though it is only regularly used in formal speech.
-Affixes occur in
+Affixes occur in a relatively set order, displayed in the below noun template chart:
+{| class="wikitable"
+|+Azkali noun template
+!Content
+|(Definite article)
+!NOUN ROOT
+|Case
+|Number
+|(Definite article)
+|(Inverse number)
+|-
+!Slot
+|'''(1a)'''
+!2
+|'''3'''
+|'''4'''
+|'''(1b)'''
+|'''(5)'''
+|}
 ==== Case ====
 [[File:Ergative alignment.svg|thumb|283x283px|A diagram highlighting ergative alignment. '''A''' is the subject of a transitive verb, '''O''' is the object of a transitive verb, and '''S''' is the subject of an intransitive verb. '''S''' and '''O''' are marked in the absolutive case, and '''A''' is marked in the ergative case.]]
-Case inflection in Azkali is fairly straightforward; the affixes only change depending on the lack of presence of a root final vowel. There are six grammatical cases in Azkali. The ergative case is used for subjects of transitive verbs. The absolutive case is used for subjects of intransitive verbs and objects of transitive verbs. The possessive case is used for direct ownership. The privative case is used to mark the lack of direct ownership. The dative case is used to mark the indirect object of an action, as well as the purpose of an action. In addition, in extremely formal varieties of Azkali, the dative case is also used to denote a noun that is owned by the noun in the phrase with the possessive case. Finally, the instrumental case is used to mark that the noun is the instrument in which the action is achieved, or occurs; the instrumental case can be used for both physical objects, or ideas and concepts.
+Case inflection in Azkali is fairly straightforward; the affixes only change depending on the lack of presence of a root final vowel. There are six grammatical cases in Azkali. The ergative case is used for subjects of transitive verbs. The absolutive case is used for subjects of intransitive verbs and objects of transitive verbs. The possessive case is used for direct ownership. The privative case is used to mark the lack of direct ownership. The dative case is used to mark the indirect object of an action, as well as the purpose of an action. In addition, in extremely formal varieties of Azkali, the dative case is occasionally used to denote a noun that is owned by the noun in the phrase with the possessive case. Finally, the instrumental case is used to mark that the noun is the instrument in which the action is achieved, or occurs; the instrumental case can be used for both physical objects, or ideas and concepts.
+In formal varieties of Azkali, the possessive case is used more like a genitive case; the distinction here is that in most forms of Azkali, the possessive case is used purely in the context of possession. Contrastingly, in formal varieties, it's use has broadened to include generic modification.
 The following chart shows each case suffix.
@@ Line 43: / Line 63: @@
 | -ez
 |}
-For the most part,
 === Pronouns ===
 ==== Personal and reflexive pronouns ====
-The following table shows each personal pronoun in Azkali, declining for case and number. In addition, there is also reflexive pronouns included; while not a case in itself, in most Azkali grammars, the reflexive pronouns are included with the personal ones.
+The following table shows each personal pronoun in Azkali, declining for case and number. In addition, there are also reflexive pronouns included; while not a case in itself, in most Azkali grammars, the reflexive pronouns are included with the personal ones.
 {| class="wikitable"
 |+Personal pronouns
-! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
+! colspan="9" |Singular
-! colspan="7" |Singular
 |-
+! colspan="2" |
 !Ergative
 !Absolutive
@@ Line 98: / Line 116: @@
 |heiz
 |-
-! colspan="2" |
+! colspan="9" |Paucal
-! colspan="7" |Paucal
 |-
 ! colspan="2" |1st
@@ Line 123: / Line 140: @@
 |tzare ten
 |-
-! colspan="2" |
+! colspan="9" |Plural
-! colspan="7" |Plural
 |-
 ! colspan="2" |1st