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Atheinən language: Difference between revisions

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There are several names that Atheinən speakers call the Atheinən language; a majority use the term Atheinən. The name Atheinən is derived from ''tagn atheinən'', meaning "the language of everyone", but literally ''tongue everyone''. Atheinən is certainly derived from the Mallian word ''allijnən'' [ɑl.lɛi.nən], meaning ''everyone''.   
There are several names that Atheinən speakers call the Atheinən language; a majority use the term Atheinən. The name Atheinən is derived from ''tagn atheinən'', meaning "the language of everyone", but literally ''tongue everyone''. Atheinən is certainly derived from the Mallian word ''allijnən'' [ɑl.lɛi.nən], meaning ''everyone''.   


Different names for the language are ''Mælia Padua'' [mæ.'liɑ: pɑd.'uɑ:], likely derived from the name for Mallië, and Patua, the Azkali word for language.  
Different names for the language are ''Mælia Padüa'' [mæ.'liɑ: pɑd.'yɑ:], likely derived from the name for Mallia, and Patua, the Azkali word for language.  


== History ==
== History ==
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! colspan="2" |Affricate
! colspan="2" |Affricate
|
|
|'''c'''
|'''ts'''
/t͡s/
/t͡s/
|'''th'''
|'''th'''
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/j/
/j/
|'''r'''
|'''r'''
'''/'''ʁ~ʀ̥~ɹ~ɾ/
/ʁ~ʀ̥~ɹ~ɾ/
|
|
|}
|}
Some notes here:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|+
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== Grammar ==
== Grammar ==
''See main article: [[Atheinən grammar]]''
Atheinən is highly analytical. In most dialects, with the exception of three verbs - ''to be, to be at,'' and ''to have'', verbs are not conjugated at all. With the exception of pronouns, no nouns are overtly inflected for case, instead relying on word order and particles conveying case-like information. Atheinən's word order, like both of its parents languages, is subject-verb-object, however in some cases it can be shifted for context, emphasis, etc.


Unlike both of its parents languages, Atheinən is highly analytical. In most dialects, with the exception of three verbs - ''to be, to be at,'' and ''to have'', verbs are not conjugated at all. With the exception of pronouns, no nouns are overtly inflected for case, instead relying on word order and particles conveying case-like information. Atheinən's word order, like both of its parents languages, is subject-object-verb, however in some cases it can be shifted for context, emphasis, etc.
Unusual for a mixed or creole language, virtually all Atheinən dialects have developed a system of split ergativity. In the future and present tenses, the default morphological alignment is ergative; the morphological alignment is nominative in the future tense, however. The pronouns, which by default decline for the ergative and absolutive cases, instead decline for the nominative and accusative cases respectively in the future. The exact reason for the evolution of split ergativity in Atheinən is unknown.
 
This section will not provide a full overview of Atheinən grammar, instead providing the basics of its grammar.
 
=== Pronouns ===
There are fifteen primary pronouns in Atheinən, not accounting for reflexive pronouns - of which have separate forms - and other assorted pronouns. All pronouns are derived from Mallian and Azkali. Pronouns are the only type of noun in Atheinən that is inflected.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="3" |
!Ergative
or Nominative
!Absolutive
or Accusative
|-
! rowspan="5" |Singular
! colspan="2" |1p
|ig
|mig
|-
! colspan="2" |2p
| colspan="2" |yo
|-
! rowspan="3" |3p
!Masculine
|mei
|meit
|-
!Feminine
|et
|ech
|-
!Neutral
|ze
|meze
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plural
! colspan="2" |1p
|ouns
|mouns
|-
! colspan="2" |2p
|jau
|mau
|-
! colspan="2" |3p
|zən
|məzən
|}
The third person neutral ergative singular pronoun ''ze'' is also used as a definite article.  


Unusual for a mixed or creole language, virtually all Atheinən dialects have developed a system of split ergativity. In the future and present tenses, the default morphological alignment is ergative; the morphological alignment is nominative in the future tense, however. The pronouns, which by default decline for the ergative and absolutive cases, instead decline for the nominative and accusative cases respectively in the future. The exact reason for the evolution of split ergativity in Atheinən is unknown.
=== Number ===
Neither pronouns or nouns in Atheinən are inflected for number, though there exists ways to specify number by using particles. By default, a noun is assumed to be singular. The particle ''che'' is used to specify a paucal number - i.e a small amount of the noun. The particle ''mən'' is used to specify a plural number. An example of this using the noun ''pazeri'', meaning a farm.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!Atheinən
!Azkali
!Meaning
|-
!Singular
|pazeri ∅
|patseri
|(the) farm
|-
!Paucal
|pazeri ''che''
|patseritz
|(a few) farms
|-
!Plural
|pazeri ''mən''
|patserik
|farms
|}
Some variants of Atheinən have been shown to use a different way of specifying number,


== Vocabulary ==
== Vocabulary ==
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== Dialects ==
== Dialects ==
== Comparison between Azkali, Atheinən, and Mallian ==
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