Amafjk language: Difference between revisions

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=== Consonants ===

The consonants, and their underlying pronunciations in [[Xassj Efjnes]] dialect, are given here.

{| class="wikitable"

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![[w:Plosive|Plosive]]

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|'''t''' /tˣ/{{efn|group=cons|name=vasp|Has [[w:Lakota language#~~Phonology~~|velar aspiration]].}}

|'''t''' /tˣ/{{efn|group=cons|name=vasp|Has [[w:Lakota language#Consonants|velar aspiration]].}}

|'''k''' /ᵑkˣ/{{efn|name=vasp}}

|-

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In many analyses, Amafjk vowels are said to have secondary phonemic status due to the fact that the vast majority of roots in the language are vowelless before the application of [[w:Transfix|transfixes]], as well as the fact that sentences can have the vowels of their transfixes freely exchanged without changing the meaning, so long as the relations between transfix vowels (i.e. which ones do and do not match) remain unchanged. However, ~~some~~ vowels do appear in roots and have semantically meaningful minimal pairs, such as ''fjm–kx–'' (sp. of fish) and ''fam–kx–'' ([[w:Promontory|promontory]]).

In many analyses, Amafjk vowels are said to have secondary phonemic status due to the fact that the vast majority of roots in the language are vowelless before the application of [[w:Transfix|transfixes]], as well as the fact that sentences can have the vowels of their transfixes freely exchanged without changing the meaning, so long as the relations between transfix vowels (i.e. which ones do and do not match) remain unchanged. However, vowels occasionally do appear in roots and have semantically meaningful minimal pairs, such as ''fjm–kx–'' (sp. of fish) and ''fam–kx–'' ([[w:Promontory|promontory]]).

=== Allophony ===

As a result of its small phonemic inventory, the phonemes of Amafjk are often quite fluid in pronunciation, and in informal speech each one tends to have free variation between a large range of realizations. Most commonly, they are limited to the following ranges, but exceptions can be found in highly informal speech.

* '''m''': any nasal fricative or approximant, excluding fricative trills

* '''n''': any nasal stop or nasal tap

* '''t''': either any non-guttural stop, or any non-prenasalized stop. Most often, it is in the intersection of these two groups.

* '''k''': any prenasalized guttural stop

* '''f''': any non-dorsal non-trill fricative or non-dorsal approximant

* '''s''': any trill

* '''x''': any dorsal fricative or approximant

* '''j''': any close vowel

* '''i''': any near-close or close-mid vowel

* '''e''': any mid or open-mid vowel

* '''a''': any near-open or open vowel

@@ Line 10: / Line 10: @@
 === Consonants ===
+The consonants, and their underlying pronunciations in [[Xassj Efjnes]] dialect, are given here.
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 24: / Line 26: @@
 ![[w:Plosive|Plosive]]
 |
-|'''t''' /tˣ/{{efn|group=cons|name=vasp|Has [[w:Lakota language#Phonology|velar aspiration]].}}
+|'''t''' /tˣ/{{efn|group=cons|name=vasp|Has [[w:Lakota language#Consonants|velar aspiration]].}}
 |'''k''' /ᵑkˣ/{{efn|name=vasp}}
 |-
@@ Line 53: / Line 55: @@
 |}
-In many analyses, Amafjk vowels are said to have secondary phonemic status due to the fact that the vast majority of roots in the language are vowelless before the application of [[w:Transfix|transfixes]], as well as the fact that sentences can have the vowels of their transfixes freely exchanged without changing the meaning, so long as the relations between transfix vowels (i.e. which ones do and do not match) remain unchanged. However, some vowels do appear in roots and have semantically meaningful minimal pairs, such as ''fjm–kx–'' (sp. of fish) and ''fam–kx–'' ([[w:Promontory|promontory]]).
+In many analyses, Amafjk vowels are said to have secondary phonemic status due to the fact that the vast majority of roots in the language are vowelless before the application of [[w:Transfix|transfixes]], as well as the fact that sentences can have the vowels of their transfixes freely exchanged without changing the meaning, so long as the relations between transfix vowels (i.e. which ones do and do not match) remain unchanged. However, vowels occasionally do appear in roots and have semantically meaningful minimal pairs, such as ''fjm–kx–'' (sp. of fish) and ''fam–kx–'' ([[w:Promontory|promontory]]).
+=== Allophony ===
+As a result of its small phonemic inventory, the phonemes of Amafjk are often quite fluid in pronunciation, and in informal speech each one tends to have free variation between a large range of realizations. Most commonly, they are limited to the following ranges, but exceptions can be found in highly informal speech.
+* '''m''': any nasal fricative or approximant, excluding fricative trills
+* '''n''': any nasal stop or nasal tap
+* '''t''': either any non-guttural stop, or any non-prenasalized stop. Most often, it is in the intersection of these two groups.
+* '''k''': any prenasalized guttural stop
+* '''f''': any non-dorsal non-trill fricative or non-dorsal approximant
+* '''s''': any trill
+* '''x''': any dorsal fricative or approximant
+* '''j''': any close vowel
+* '''i''': any near-close or close-mid vowel
+* '''e''': any mid or open-mid vowel
+* '''a''': any near-open or open vowel