Kzmr language: Difference between revisions
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{{Infobox:Language|LanguageName=Kzmr|NativeLanguage=Kzmr tþru|NativePronunciation=[[w:Help:IPA|[kəzamr̩ tɵ̞ðr̩]]]|Speakers=2.9 million|LanguageFamily=[[ | {{Infobox:Language|LanguageName=Kzmr|NativeLanguage=Kzmr tþru|NativePronunciation=[[w:Help:IPA|[kəzamr̩ tɵ̞ðr̩]]]|Speakers=2.9 million|LanguageFamily=[[Proto-Ukilen]]|WritingSystem=[[Ukilen logographs#Traditional|Traditional Ukilen]]|OfficialLanguage=[[Baphia]], [[Kzmr]]|3Lettercode=KZM}}'''Kzmr''' (''tþru Kzmrk'', <small>pronunciation: </small>[[w:Help:IPA|[tɵ̞ðr̩ kəzamrak]]]) is a [[Proto-Ukilen]] [[w:dialect continuum|dialect continuum]] spoken in [[Kzmr]] and some parts of western [[Baphia]] primarily by the [[Kzmrri|Kkzmrri]]. It is the official language of Kzmr itself, and also held official status in the former [[Kzmr Autonomous Country]]. | ||
Collectively, the varieties of the Kzmr language form the Kzmric branch of the Proto-Baphian family. The dialect continuum as a whole is [[w:Pluricentric language|pluricentric]], with the [[Srn Kzmr|Srn]] variety having prestige status in most of the country and [[Šžtcu Kzmr|Šžtcu]] being dominant in the far north. All varieties of the language are written in [[Traditional Ukilen logographs|traditional Ukilen]]. | Collectively, the varieties of the Kzmr language form the Kzmric branch of the Proto-Baphian family. The dialect continuum as a whole is [[w:Pluricentric language|pluricentric]], with the [[Srn Kzmr|Srn]] variety having prestige status in most of the country and [[Šžtcu Kzmr|Šžtcu]] being dominant in the far north. All varieties of the language are written in [[Traditional Ukilen logographs|traditional Ukilen]]. | ||
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=== Modern Kzmr === | === Modern Kzmr === | ||
==== | == Diaphonology == | ||
== Orthography == | |||
== | == Word formation == | ||
=== | === Compounding strategies === | ||
Kzmr compounding usually undergoes a type of sandhi where multisyllabic words in which the last epenthetic vowel was originally unstressed, the following word does not begin with //H// or //∅//, and the last consonant is not already //∅//, have //∅// appended. | |||
Many multimorphemic words in Kzmr are formed by compounding; the resultant words are classified into various types based on the nature of the compound. The vocative strategy of compounding, inherited from Proto-Ukilen, is in modern Kzmr only one of several. The types are as follows: | |||
==== | ==== Verbal-nominal and pseudoverbal-nominal (*''Tatpuruṣa'') ==== | ||
= | One common form of compound is the the verbal-nominal, stemming from a verb participle followed by a noun taking one of the seven oblique cases in Kzmr to create an adjective: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Caption text | |||
|- | |||
! Word !! Translation !! Case | |||
|- | |||
| mhsn'innmþþgi || killing hyenas || Accusative | |||
|- | |||
| kksn'axxdv'i || fighting for Sirius, fighting on behalf of Sirius || Dative | |||
|- | |||
| tgbn'akrtšku || forged out of steel || Genitive | |||
|- | |||
| 'rnn'iddžbrd || having come from the mountains || Ablative | |||
|- | |||
| mhsnnizkrtmv || having been killed with a lance || Locative/Instrumental | |||
|- | |||
| bþrn'annrþhni || facing towards the stars || Allative | |||
|- | |||
| shdn'itrgzi || standing in the road || Adessive | |||
|} | |||
The pseudoverbal-nominal is a similar construction in which the verb is replaced with a deverbal noun which can be given a case, such as ''mhscsi'bhg'' "patricidist" and ''mhscsvi'bhg'' "to the patricidist". | |||
== | == Sentence structure == | ||
Kzmr word order is primarily VSO. | |||