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'''Alhi''', specifically '''Modern Alhi''' is an Alhic language that evolved from [[Classical Alhi]]. It is spoken primarily in [[Alloti]] and [[Allotian overseas territories|its overseas territories]], with about 70 million native speakers, and about 100 million when including non-native speakers. Alhi was also once a language of high prestige in [[Cring]], as in [placeholder date], [[Historical Allotian control over Cring|Cring was controlled]] but not completely integrated into Alloti. Since then, Alhi slowly lost its presence in Cring.
{{Infobox:Language|LanguageName=Alhi|NativeLanguage={{Alhi|aLi}}|LanguageNPrnnctn=/a.ɬi/|Speakers=Native: 183 million<br>Total: ~200 million|LanguageFamily=Alhic|EarlyForms=Classical Alhi|WritingSystem=Oulaj|OfficialLanguage=[[Alloti]]<br>[[Sinovoz]]<br>[[Ojanka]]|RegulatedBy=[[Icujajalhi]]|3LetterCode=ALH}}
 
'''Alhi''', specifically '''Modern Alhi''' is an Alhic language that evolved from [[Classical Alhi]]. It is spoken primarily in [[Alloti]] and [[Allotian overseas territories|its overseas territories]], with about 183 million native speakers, and about 200 million when including non-native speakers. Alhi was also once a language of high prestige in [[Cring]], as in [placeholder date], [[Historical Allotian control over Cring|Cring was controlled]] but not completely integrated into Alloti. Since then, Alhi slowly lost its presence in Cring.


Alhi is related to [[Kes language|Kes]], another Alhic language, spoken in central Alloti. Alhi's first texts can be traced back to [placeholder date], being written in Alhi's native script, [[Oulaj]]. Oulaj is still used to write Alhi today, and a variation of it is used to write Kes. [[Tova language|Tova]], another native language of Alloti (but unrelated to Alhi and Kes), was once written in Oulaj, but Tova's original script regained popular use and Oulaj's use to write Tova is purely historical.
Alhi is related to [[Kes language|Kes]], another Alhic language, spoken in central Alloti. Alhi's first texts can be traced back to [placeholder date], being written in Alhi's native script, [[Oulaj]]. Oulaj is still used to write Alhi today, and a variation of it is used to write Kes. [[Tova language|Tova]], another native language of Alloti (but unrelated to Alhi and Kes), was once written in Oulaj, but Tova's original script regained popular use and Oulaj's use to write Tova is purely historical.
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=== Ojanka ===
=== Ojanka ===
[[Ojanka]], a set of five islands controlled simultaneously by both Alloti and Mallia, Alhi is an official language. Most people on Ojanka speak both Alhi and [[Mallian language|Mallian]], with road signs, other signs, and text being written in both Alhi and Mallian.
On [[Ojanka]], a set of five islands controlled simultaneously by both Alloti and Mallia, Alhi is an official language. Most people on Ojanka speak both Alhi and [[Mallian language|Mallian]], with road signs, other signs, and text being written in both Alhi and Mallian.


=== Sinovoz ===
=== Sinovoz ===
[[Sinovoz]], a large island located in the middle of the Bellic Sea was also a colony of Alloti. Alhi had been an official language until Sinovoz's independence. The native language of Sinovoz, Piriň, has gained more and more use and now is the most spoken language on Sinovoz, but Alhi is still widely spoken and some areas on the island are still majority Alhi speaking. Signs and text are translated into both Piriň and Alhi, but many signs in only Piriň appear commonly in the capital of Sinovoz, Sinovoz-Ler.
[[Sinovoz]], a large island located in the middle of the Bellic Sea is also a colony of Alloti. Alhi is an official language. The native language of Sinovoz, Piriň, has gained more and more use and now is the most spoken language on Sinovoz, but Alhi is still widely spoken and some areas on the island are still majority Alhi speaking. Signs and text are translated into both Piriň and Alhi, but many signs in only Piriň appear commonly in the capital of Sinovoz, Sinovoz-Ler.


== Grammar ==
== Grammar ==
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==== Noun cases ====
==== Noun cases ====
The different noun cases perform different functions in nouns, this section will cover what each of them does individually.
The different noun cases perform different functions in nouns. This section will cover what each of them does individually.


===== The nominative case =====
===== The nominative case =====
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The dative case marks indirect objects of a transitive verb or the argument of an intransitive verb, and in Alhi, indirect objects can be before or after the object in a transitive verb. Take for example, ''Tenav ejo eis miaha'' 'I gave it to a cat'. This is a transitive verb, and ''miaha'' (mia) is marked for the dative case. Another example with an intransitive verb is ''Ola ejo miaha'' 'I talked to a cat', the argument of the intransitive verb is marked in the dative.
The dative case marks indirect objects of a transitive verb or the argument of an intransitive verb, and in Alhi, indirect objects can be before or after the object in a transitive verb. Take for example, ''Tenav ejo eis miaha'' 'I gave it to a cat'. This is a transitive verb, and ''miaha'' (mia) is marked for the dative case. Another example with an intransitive verb is ''Ola ejo miaha'' 'I talked to a cat', the argument of the intransitive verb is marked in the dative.


===== '''The locative case''' =====
===== The locative case =====
The locative case simply marks the location of a noun, it can also mark movement like an ablative. Number is not distinguished in this case, only definiteness is.  
The locative case simply marks the location of a noun. It can also mark movement like an ablative. Number is not distinguished in this case, only definiteness is.  


===== The comitative case =====
===== The comitative case =====
The comitative case marks accompaniment, as in 'with' a person, or instrumental usage like 'with' a knife. It corresponds to 'with'. This case has only one form across all definitenesses and numbers. It is derived from an affixation of the postposition ''lor'' 'with'.
The comitative case marks accompaniment, as in 'with' a person, or instrumental usage like 'with' a knife. It corresponds to 'with'. This case has only one form across all definitenesses and numbers. It is derived from an affixation of the postposition ''lor'' 'with'.
==== Genitive constructions ====
The genitive in Alhi is formed with this construction: '''noun + [possessed object-''eis'']'''. For example, "your mom's food" would be ''ama-mo pilos-eis'', this literally translates to "your mom her food".
=== Adjectives and adverbs (modifiers) ===
Adjectives in Alhi decline just like nouns to agree with them, they also have the three declensions that nouns do. Adverbs are not phonologically unique from adjectives, so they have the same form. Adjectives and adverbs always go after the word they modify.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Declension of ''ada'' 'big', an A-type adjective
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Indefinite
! colspan="2" |Definite
|-
!Singular
!Plural
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|'''Nominative'''
|'''''ada'''''
|''adahal''
|''adahali''
|''adahei''
|-
|'''Accusative'''
| rowspan="2" |''adaha''
|''adahan''
|''adahel''
|''adahas''
|-
|'''Dative'''
|''adahar''
|''adahand''
|''adahay''
|-
|'''Locative'''
| colspan="2" |''adahem''
| colspan="2" |''adahel''
|-
|'''Comitative'''
| colspan="4" |''adahor''
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Declension of ''lur'' 'green', a U-type adjective
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Indefinite
! colspan="2" |Definite
|-
!Singular
!Plural
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|'''Nominative'''
|'''''lur'''''
|''lurul''
|''luruli''
|''lurau''
|-
|'''Accusative'''
| rowspan="2" |''luru''
|''lurun''
|''luruni''
|''luros''
|-
|'''Dative'''
|''lurur''
|''lurund''
|''luruy''
|-
|'''Locative'''
| colspan="2" |''lurem''
| colspan="2" |''lurel''
|-
|'''Comitative'''
| colspan="4" |''luror''
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Declension of ''nist'' 'heavy', an I-type adjective
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Indefinite
! colspan="2" |Definite
|-
!Singular
!Plural
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|'''Nominative'''
|'''''nist'''''
|''nistil''
|''nistili''
|''nistai''
|-
|'''Accusative'''
| rowspan="2" |''nisti''
|''nistin''
|''nistini''
|''nistas''
|-
|'''Dative'''
|''nistir''
|''nistind''
|''nistiyi''
|-
|'''Locative'''
| colspan="2" |''nistem''
| colspan="2" |''nistel''
|-
|'''Comitative'''
| colspan="4" |''nistor''
|}
==== Positive, comparative, and superlative forms of adjectives ====
Adjectives in Alhi have three degrees of comparison, the default form of an adjective is the positive. Comparative and superlative forms of adjectives still decline for all of the forms that positive forms do. The comparative is formed by affixing ''-sei'' to the declined positive form. The superlative is formed the same way but with a prefix ''os-''.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Positive declension of ''nist'' 'heavy'
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Indefinite
! colspan="2" |Definite
|-
!Singular
!Plural
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|'''Nominative'''
|'''''nist'''''
|''nistil''
|''nistili''
|''nistai''
|-
|'''Accusative'''
| rowspan="2" |''nisti''
|''nistin''
|''nistini''
|''nistas''
|-
|'''Dative'''
|''nistir''
|''nistind''
|''nistiyi''
|-
|'''Locative'''
| colspan="2" |''nistem''
| colspan="2" |''nistel''
|-
|'''Comitative'''
| colspan="4" |''nistor''
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Comparative declension of ''nist'' 'heavy'
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Indefinite
! colspan="2" |Definite
|-
!Singular
!Plural
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|'''Nominative'''
|'''''nistsei'''''
|''nistilsei''
|''nistilisei''
|''nistaisei''
|-
|'''Accusative'''
| rowspan="2" |''nistisei''
|''nistinsei''
|''nistinisei''
|''nistasei''
|-
|'''Dative'''
|''nistirsei''
|''nistindsei''
|''nistiyisei''
|-
|'''Locative'''
| colspan="2" |''nistemsei''
| colspan="2" |''nistelsei''
|-
|'''Comitative'''
| colspan="4" |''nistorsei''
|}
Note that ''nistasei'' is not supposed to be ''nistassei'', as Alhi does not have geminates. Positive forms that end in a voiced obstruent, nasal, or approximant cause the /s/ in ''-sei'' to become voiced to [z]. These forms correspond to 'heavier'.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Superlative declension of ''nist'' 'heavy'
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Indefinite
! colspan="2" |Definite
|-
!Singular
!Plural
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|'''Nominative'''
|'''''osnist'''''
|''osnistil''
|''osnistili''
|''osnistai''
|-
|'''Accusative'''
| rowspan="2" |''osnisti''
|''osnistin''
|''osnistini''
|''osnistas''
|-
|'''Dative'''
|''osnistir''
|''osnistind''
|''osnistiyi''
|-
|'''Locative'''
| colspan="2" |''osnistem''
| colspan="2" |''osnistel''
|-
|'''Comitative'''
| colspan="4" |''osnistor''
|}
=== Special forms of the indefinite nominative plural ===
Many nouns and adjectives in Alhi end in ''il, ul,'' or ''al''. When these nouns are declined, this causes those endings to be repeated twice, but different endings are employed to prevent this.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Affixes to avoid repitition
!Ending of noun
!Indefinite nominative plural affix
|-
| -al
| rowspan="2" | -il
|-
| -ul
|-
| -il
| -al
|}
For example, the word ''dujul'' 'piece, Allotian currency' would be ''dujul'''ul''''' if this paradigm did not exist, but the actual form is ''dujul'''il'''.''
=== Postpositions ===
Postpositions, as stated in the name, generally go after nouns. The only time they do not go after nouns is if they have an adjective modifying them, in that situation they will go before the noun.
{| class="wikitable"
|+List of postpositions
!Word in Alhi
!Translation
|-
|ler
|in, on
|-
|lor
|with, amongst
|-
|daja
|against
|-
|te
|without
|-
|o
|at
|-
|ede
|of
|}
=== Compounding ===
In Alhi, the rules of compounding are not completely known as compounding is sometimes optional, chaotic, and hard to define. But, the ''Icujajalhi'' 'Academy of Alhi' has defined these rules / tendencies:
* Compounding can occur between any part of speech.
* Terms that would generally require an ''ede'' 'of' no longer require it in a compound.
* The part of speech of the final unit in a compound generally defines the part of the speech of the compound as a whole.
* The order of noun-adjective must be respected in compounds.
* Compounds can technically be infinitely long.
* In a compound, if two words collide and the ends have vowels (...V<small>1</small>#-#V<small>2</small>...), the second vowel replaces the first vowel.
** Example: ''Icujajalhi'', formed from ''ic'' 'teach' + ''-uja'' 'place of...' + ''-ajo'' 'augmentative suffix' + ''Alhi'' 'Alhi', the ''o'' in ''-ajo'' is replaced with the ''a'' in ''Alhi''.
** This rule is a mild tendency as many dialects ''do'' place an epenthetic /χ/ like in non-compounds.
=== Verbs ===
Verbs in Alhi are the most inflecting part of speech in the language, as they conjugate for multiple moods, aspects, tenses, they also have multiple compound (periphrastic) tenses. All verbs have one singular way of conjugation with minor alterations for ease of pronunciation.
The tenses that exist in Alhi verbs are: the present, the future, the near past, and the future past. This 4-way distinction only exists in indicative mood of the non-aspectual aspect & progressive aspect. Most other moods only distinguish present, future, and past.
==== The non-aspectual aspect ====
The 'non-aspectual' aspect in Alhi verbs corresponds to actions that are perfective in nature, not ''perfect'', as that is another aspect on its own.
===== The indicative mood =====
The indicative mood in Alhi is used to convey real information, statements, or facts.
====== The present ======
The present tense in the indicative mood corresponds to actions that occur in the 'now'.
* '''Vo''' colu. — '''I am''' good. (The copula, ''vulun'', is the only verb to not require a subject pronoun.)
* '''Daon''' '''ei''' heitiri. — '''She recieves''' a sword.
* '''Keleu eil''' heilor. — '''They play''' amongst themselves.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Present indicative forms of ''kelun'' 'to play'
!
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|'''First person'''
|''kela'' 'I play'
|''kelau'' 'We play'
|-
|'''Second person'''
|''kelo'' 'You play'
|''kelu'' 'You play (plural)'
|-
|'''Third person'''
|''kel'' 'He, she, they, it plays'
|''keleu'' 'They play (plural)'
|}
Verbs in the third person present indicative non-aspectual are the same as the stem of the verb (infinitive-less verb).
====== The future ======
The future tense in the indicative mood corresponds to actions that occur in the future or 'later'. Unlike the past tense, this future tense corresponds to any action that will occur in any amount of time in the future. In Classical Alhi, there was distinct near future and far future tense but this system eventually collapsed to one singular future tense.
* '''Vos''' lozkuliz. — '''I will be''' a husband.
* '''Ojelf''' '''ei'''. — '''She will change'''.
* '''Edosam eil''' oum. — '''They will throw''' it.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Future indicative forms of ''kelun'' 'to play'
!
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|'''First person'''
|''kelav'' 'I will play'
|''kelan'' 'We will play'
|-
|'''Second person'''
|''kelo'' 'You will play'
|''keln'' 'You will play (plural)'
|-
|'''Third person'''
|''kelf'' 'He, she, they, it will play'
|''kelam'' 'They will play (plural)'
|}
====== The near (proximal) past ======
As is stated in the name, the near past is used to refer to actions that have recently occured. The window of 'recency' is relative to the time frame, if established, in the conversation. For example, if one was talking about actions that occured ''last week'', then actions that occured ''yesterday'' or ''two days ago'' would be in the near past. If an action has 'just' occured, then the verb will always be conjugated for the near past.
* '''Julat''' ejo. — '''I just ate'''.
* '''Ridut''' fojalhulasez eis. — '''We recently bought''' a car for him.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Near past indicative forms of ''kelun'' 'to play'
!
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|'''First person'''
|''kelat'' 'I recently played'
|''kelut'' 'We recently played'
|-
|'''Second person'''
|''kelok'' 'You recently played'
|''kelota'' 'You recently played (plural)'
|-
|'''Third person'''
|''kelta'' 'He, she, they, it recently played'
|''kelt'' 'They recently played (plural)'
|}
====== The far (distal) past ======
The distal past refers to actions that occured 'a long time ago'. Just like the proximal past, this window of 'long time ago' is dependant on the established time frame. If no time frame has been established, then verbs will be conjugated for this tense, except for if the action had 'just' occured.
* '''Seija''' '''on'''. — '''He was sleeping.'''
* '''Magec''' ei oum kouhu o. — '''He left''' (a while ago) it at the door.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Far past indicative forms of ''kelun'' 'to play'
!
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|'''First person'''
|''kela'' 'I played'
|''kela'' 'We played'
|-
|'''Second person'''
|''keli'' 'You played'
|''keloca'' 'You played (plural)'
|-
|'''Third person'''
|''kelec'' 'He, she, they, it played'
|''kelna'' 'They played (plural)'
|}
===== The subjunctive mood =====
The subjunctive mood in Alhi is used to convey doubt, feelings, wishes, opinions, suggestions, etc. It can also be used for impersonal statements like ''Hido colu...'' 'It is good...'. Some usages of the subjunctive may involve a relative clause, such as ''Mo kelei mon, hido tusu.'' "It is bad that you wouldn't play." The subjunctive mood in the non-aspectual aspect distinguishes only three tenses: past, present, and future.
====== The present ======
{| class="wikitable"
|+Present subjunctive forms of ''kelun'' 'to play'
!
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|'''First person'''
|''kelou'' 'I play'
|''keloul'' 'We play'
|-
|'''Second person'''
|''kelei'' 'You play'
|''keleil'' 'You play (plural)'
|-
|'''Third person'''
|''kelai'' 'He, she, they, it play'
|''kelail'' 'They play (plural)'
|}
====== The future ======
{| class="wikitable"
|+Future subjunctive forms of ''kelun'' 'to play'
!
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|'''First person'''
|''keluna'' 'I will play'
|''kelin'' 'We will play'
|-
|'''Second person'''
|''kelona'' 'You will play'
|''kelul'' 'You will play (plural)'
|-
|'''Third person'''
|''kelon'' 'He, she, they, it will play'
|''kelana'' 'They will play (plural)'
|}
====== The past ======
{| class="wikitable"
|+Past subjunctive forms of ''kelun'' 'to play'
!
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|'''First person'''
|''kelka'' 'I played'
|''kelni'' 'We played'
|-
|'''Second person'''
|''kelci'' 'You played'
|''kelkou'' 'You played (plural)'
|-
|'''Third person'''
|''kelaja'' 'He, she, they, it played'
|''kelno'' 'They played (plural)'
|}
===== The imperative mood =====
The imperative mood is used mostly used to convey commands or orders, but sometimes it is used to used to convey an optative. The imperative mood has two distinctions, regular and polite, these distinctions correspond to a T-V system, where regular is the "T" (''mon'', ''ei'') and polite is the "V" (''ner'', ''eil''). The optative is restricted to the polite distinction. There are no 1st-person imperatives, only 2nd and 3rd-person imperatives. Third-person regular imperatives have the sense of a jussive.
====== The regular imperative ======
The regular imperative is used to convey commands and orders with a sense of informality. It is used when one wishes to order someone that would be addressed with ''mon''.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Regular imperative forms of ''kelun'' 'to play'
!
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|'''Second person'''
|''kel'' 'Play!'
|''kelou'' 'Play! (plural)'
|-
|'''Third person'''
|''keli'' 'Let him, her, them, it play!'
|''kela'' 'Let them play! (plural)'
|}
====== The polite imperative ======
The polite imperative is used to convey commands with a sense of formality, often to people who would be addressed with ''ner'' or simply out of respect. There is also an optative sense in this distinction of the imperative.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Polite imperative forms of ''kelun'' 'to play'
!
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|'''Second person'''
|''kelul'' 'Play!'
|''kelou'' 'Play! (plural)'
|-
|'''Third person'''
|''kelil'' 'May he, she, they, it play'
|''kele'' 'May they play (plural)'
|}
===== The interrogative mood =====
The interrogative mood is used to form questions, like the subjunctive mood. It also only distinguishes the present, past, and future tenses in the non-aspectual aspect. Interrogative statements may be optionally accompanied by a clause-final particle ''il''.
====== The present ======
{| class="wikitable"
|+Present interrogative forms of ''kelun'' 'to play'
!
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|'''First person'''
|''kelop'' 'I play?'
|''kelıs'' 'We play?'
|-
|'''Second person'''
|''kelosa'' 'You play?'
|''kelaı'' 'You play? (plural)'
|-
|'''Third person'''
|''kelosa'' 'He, she, they, it play?'
|''keloi'' 'They play? (plural)'
|}
====== The future ======
{| class="wikitable"
|+Future interrogative forms of ''kelun'' 'to play'
!
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|'''First person'''
|''keler'' 'I play'
|''kelar'' 'We play'
|-
|'''Second person'''
|''keloa'' 'You play'
|''keloa'' 'You play (plural)'
|-
|'''Third person'''
|''keluı'' 'He, she, they, it play'
|''keluı'' 'They play (plural)'
|}
====== The past ======
{| class="wikitable"
|+Past interrogative forms of ''kelun'' 'to play'
!
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|'''First person'''
|''kelaz'' 'I play'
|''kelaz'' 'We play'
|-
|'''Second person'''
|''kelaz'' 'You play'
|''kelaz'' 'You play (plural)'
|-
|'''Third person'''
|''kelonto'' 'He, she, they, it play'
|''kelıt'' 'They play (plural)'
|}
==== The habitual aspect ====
The habitual aspect in Alhi is the second of the two synthetic aspects in Alhi. It is used to describe permanent or long-lasting states of being and actions that occur habitually or repeatedly. The habitual aspect distinguishes less moods and tenses than the non-aspectual, as it only has an indicative - in which the present and past tenses are distinguished - and a subjunctive with no tense distinctions. All of the forms of the habitual are formed with an ''e(h)-'' prefix.
===== The indicative mood =====
The indicative mood in the habitual aspect is considered the default and most simple, as it is used for real statements. This mood in the habitual aspect distinguishes two tenses, present and past.
====== The present ======
The present indicative habitual is used to describe on-going or current habitual actions and states. The forms for this are derived from the non-aspectual indicative present forms.
* '''Ejul ei''' ilikin. — '''He eats a lot''' of pancakes.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Present indicative habitual forms of ''kelun'' 'to play'
!
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|'''First person'''
|''ekela'' 'I play habitually'
|''ekelau'' 'We play habitually'
|-
|'''Second person'''
|''ekelo'' 'You play habitually'
|''ekelu'' 'You play habitually (plural)'
|-
|'''Third person'''
|''ekel'' 'He, she, they, it plays habitually'
|''ekeleu'' 'They play habitually (plural)'
|}
====== The past ======
The past indicative habitual is used to describe habitual actions / states that happened in the past, corresponding to "used to". The forms for this are derived from the non-aspectual indicative ''near past'' forms.
* '''Ejulta ei''' ilikin. — '''He used to eat''' pancakes.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Past indicative habitual forms of ''kelun'' 'to play'
!
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|'''First person'''
|''ekelat'' 'I used to play'
|''ekelut'' 'We used to play'
|-
|'''Second person'''
|''ekelok'' 'You used to play'
|''ekelota'' 'You used to play (plural)'
|-
|'''Third person'''
|''ekelta'' 'He, she, they, it used to play'
|''ekelt'' 'They used to play (plural)'
|}
===== The subjunctive mood =====
The subjunctive in the habitual is used to indicate doubt, suggestions, wishes, feelings, and other irrealis concepts that were, are, or will be habitually occuring. The forms are derived from the non-aspectual subjunctive present forms.
* '''Ejulai ei''' ilikin. — '''He should eat a lot''' of pancakes.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Subjunctive habitual forms of ''kelun'' 'to play'
!
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|'''First person'''
|''ekelou'' 'I play habitually'
|''ekeloul'' 'We play habitually'
|-
|'''Second person'''
|''ekelei'' 'You play habitually'
|''ekeleil'' 'You play habitually (plural)'
|-
|'''Third person'''
|''ekelai'' 'He, she, they, it play habitually'
|''ekelail'' 'They play habitually (plural)'
|}
==== The perfect aspect ====
The perfect aspect in Alhi is one of many periphrastic verbal forms. It is formed with the construction of '''infinitive form of verb + non-aspectual indicative far-past conjugation of ''vulun'''''. It corresponds to "have [verb]-ed/-en".
* '''Edosun souj''' oum! — '''I have thrown''' that!
{| class="wikitable"
|+Perfect aspect forms of ''kelun'' 'to play'
!
!Singular
!Plural
|-
|'''First person'''
|''kelun souj'' 'I have played'
|''kelun soj'' 'We have played'
|-
|'''Second person'''
|''kelun suj'' 'You have played'
|''kelun suj'' 'You have played (plural)'
|-
|'''Third person'''
|''kelun seija'' 'He, she, they, it have played'
|''kelun seca'' 'They have played (plural)'
|}
==== The progressive aspect ====
The progressive aspect corresponds to actions that are ongoing. It is formed with the construction of '''stem of verb''' (verb without its infinitive) '''+ conjugated form of ''vulun'''''<nowiki/>''.'' Due to ''vulun'' being able to be conjugated for any form in this aspect, the progressive takes on all of the forms of a verb. This aspect does not require a subject pronoun.
* '''Jul vo.''' — '''I am eating.'''
==== Other periphrastic aspects ====
Many other aspects in Alhi are formed with adverbs. This is a non-exhaustive list with constructions.
* The iterative aspect, formed with the construction of '''conjugated form of verb''' '''+ ''lakas''''' 'again'. This conveys a singular repetition of an action.
* [placeholder]
==== Other verbal forms ====
Alhi has many different verbal forms that aren't tense, aspect, or mood. This section covers most of them.
===== The causative =====
The causative denotes an action that indicates the subject causing someone to do something. The forms of the causative are derived from a verb, ''usun'' 'to force'. The stem of the verb, ''us'', was erased over constant usage and due to the construction of the causative being '''infinitive of verb + conjugated form of ''usun''''', the construction is now '''infinitive of verb''' '''+ affix of conjugated form''', for example: '''''Juluna''' ejo eis.'' '<nowiki/>'''I made''' it '''eat'''<nowiki/>'.
===== The reflexive =====
The reflexive denotes the subject and direct object of a verb being the same, it is indicated with a post-verbal particle ''hei'', corresponding to 'oneself'. For example: ''Fojostaba hei''. 'I showered myself'. The reflexive makes the requirement of a subject pronoun optional, and it is up to the speaker if they wish to include a subject pronoun.
There are some verbs that when reflexive, change in meaning, but this are limited and dated. One example is ''sedun hei'' 'to interpret', derived from ''sedun'' 'to read'.
==== The passive voice ====
Alhi has a second voice in its verbs. All of the forms above have been in the active voice, which is the default unmarked one. Generally, the passive voice is marked with an ''a(h)-'' prefix, but this doesn't occur for all forms. In the passive habitual, instead of the marking being ''a(h)e(h)-'', it simply becomes ''u(h)-''. The passive voice also changes the word order of a sentence. In the active voice, the canonical word order is VSO, but in the passive, it becomes VOS.
* Ec<u>a</u> '''ejo''' <u>eis</u>. — '''I''' saw <u>it</u>.
* Ec<u>ec</u> '''ejın''' <u>ei</u> — <u>It</u> was seen by '''me'''.
== Phonology ==
The phonological system of Alhi is derived from Classical Alhi. Unlike Kes, Alhi is phonologically conservative in its shifts, preserving much of its phonological system. A notable phonological feature of Alhi that is of interest to foreign linguists is the presence of a lateral fricative, /ɬ/, and palatal stops, /c ɟ/. This section will cover the phonological system of Modern Standard Solau-Ler Alhi (MSSLA), but will talk about dialectal variation.
=== Consonants ===
Alhi has 20 consonants. More than half are labial or alveolar, with there being only six non-labial/alveolar consonants. The table will have the romanizations of certain phonemes next to them.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Consonant table of '''''Modern Standard Solau-Ler Alhi'''''
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |Labial
! colspan="2" |Alveolar
! rowspan="2" |Palatal
! rowspan="2" |Uvulovelar
|-
!'''Central'''
!'''Lateral'''
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Nasal'''
|''m''
|''n''
|
|
|
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''Plosive'''
| +V
|''p''
|''t''
|
|''c''
|''k''
|-
| -V
|''b''
|''d''
|
|'''''ɟ''' j''
|''g''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''Fricative'''
| +V
|''f''
|''s''
|'''''ɬ''' lh, ll, ļ''
|
|'''''χ''' h''
|-
| -V
|''v''
|''z''
|
|
|
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Approximant'''
|'''''ʋ''' w''
|
|''l''
|'''''j''' y''
|
|-
| colspan="2" |'''Rhotic'''
|
|''r''
|
|
|
|}
==== Consonant clusters ====
The rules of consonant clusters, like the rules of compounding, are not clearly defined, but the ''Icujajalhi'' has noted some tendencies.
* Obstruent clusters will likely be of matching voicings.
* Consonant clusters are somewhat uncommon.
* Many consonant clusters are ''/s/ + C'' or the reverse.
=== Vowels ===
Alhi has 6 vowels, with only 1 central vowel.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Vowels of MSSLA
!
!Front
!Central
!Back
|-
|'''High'''
|''i''
|'''''ɨ''' ı''
|''u''
|-
|'''Mid'''
|''e''
|
|''o''
|-
|'''Low'''
|''a''
|
|
|}
==== Diphthongs and triphthongs ====
Alhi has a few true diphthongs and one triphthong. The diphthongs are '''/ei/''', '''/ou/''', '''/au/''', '''/eu/'''. The singular triphthong is '''/eia/''', but many dialects also have '''/oua/''' (MSSLA interprets that as '''/ouχa/'''). Many other diphthongs can exist (like '''/oi/''') but these can only exist in words and not from the result of a word plus an affix. An epenthetic '''/χ/''' is inserted to prevent vowel hiatus at the edges of words/affixes.
==== Vowel hiatus ====
Vowel hiatus in Alhi is prevented by the insertion of /χ/ between the vowels. The prevention of vowel hiatus occurs when an suffix that begins with a vowel tries to attach onto a word that ends in a vowel, these word-suffix vowel sequences aren't allowed in Alhi phonology and must have a /χ/ inserted between them. (This also applies to prefixes that end in a vowel and if the prefixed word begins in a vowel). Vowel hiatus can also occur in compounds when vowels touch, but this is dialectal.
== Orthography ==
Alhi has had its own writing system called ''Oulaj'' for many centuries, and it is the most used writing system in Alloti, and has continuous usage in the joint colony of [[Ojanka and Bassau|Ojanka (Bassau)]]. Oulaj is an alphabet with a total of 24 letters, 6 being vowel glyphs, and 18 being consonant glyphs. There are also basic punctuation marks for quotations and parentheses, commas, and periods. There are also 10 number glyphs for 0-9.
The basic font, natively known as ''Alhiremlor'' 'Clean Alhi' is installed on all computers in Alloti by default.
=== Table of letters ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+All letters in Alhi
!Glyph
!Letter name
!IPA
!Rom
|-
!'''{{Alhi|i}}'''
|ilu
|i, j
|i, y
|-
!'''{{Alhi|m}}'''
|mei
| colspan="2" |m
|-
!'''{{Alhi|p}}'''
|pei
| colspan="2" |p
|-
!'''{{Alhi|b}}'''
|bou
| colspan="2" |b
|-
!'''{{Alhi|f}}'''
|fei
| colspan="2" |f
|-
!'''{{Alhi|v}}'''
|vou
|v, ʋ
|v, w
|-
!'''{{Alhi|e}}'''
|ecu
| colspan="2" |e
|-
!'''{{Alhi|n}}'''
|nei
| colspan="2" |n
|-
!'''{{Alhi|t}}'''
|tei
| colspan="2" |t
|-
!'''{{Alhi|d}}'''
|dou
| colspan="2" |d
|-
!'''{{Alhi|s}}'''
|sei
| colspan="2" |s
|-
!'''{{Alhi|z}}'''
|zou
| colspan="2" |z
|-
!'''{{Alhi|a}}'''
|amu
| colspan="2" |a
|-
!'''{{Alhi|r}}'''
|rei
| colspan="2" |r
|-
!'''{{Alhi|l}}'''
|lei
| colspan="2" |l
|-
!'''{{Alhi|u}}'''
|usul
| colspan="2" |u
|-
!'''{{Alhi|c}}'''
|cei
| colspan="2" |c
|-
!'''{{Alhi|k}}'''
|kei
| colspan="2" |k
|-
!'''{{Alhi|g}}'''
|gou
| colspan="2" |g
|-
!'''{{Alhi|j}}'''
|jou
|ɟ
|j
|-
!'''{{Alhi|h}}'''
|hei
|χ
|h
|-
!'''{{Alhi|o}}'''
|oka
| colspan="2" |o
|-
!'''{{Alhi|L}}'''
|ļei
|ɬ
|ļ, lh, ll
|-
!'''{{Alhi|y}}'''
|ıja
|ɨ
|ı
|}
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