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Old Anhic language: Difference between revisions

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'''Old Anhic''' (''anhāqa langva'' [[w:Help:IPA|[ɐn.hɐ̠ː.qɐ̠ lɐŋg.vɐ]]]) was a [[Mallo-Brausian language family|Mallo-Brausian]] language spoken around modern-day southern [[Sunteria]], [[Cysteia]] and [[Threonia]]. Old Anhic is in its own branch of Mallo-Brausian, but it seems to be closest to [[Elukka]] (''this can be removed at any time if wanted'').
'''Old Anhic''' (''anhāqa lānha'' [[w:Help:IPA|[ɐn.hɐ̠ː.qɐ̠ lɐːn.hɐ]]]) was a [[Mallo-Brausian language family|Mallo-Brausian]] language spoken around modern-day southern [[Sunteria]], [[Cysteia]] and [[Threonia]]. Old Anhic is in its own branch of Mallo-Brausian, but it seems to be closest to [[Elukka]] (''this can be removed at any time if wanted'').


{{Infobox:Language|LanguageName=Old Anhic|NativeLanguage=Anhāqa Langva|LanguageNPrnnctn=[ɐn.hɐ̠ː.qɐ̠ lɐŋg.vɐ]|LanguageFamily=Mallo-Brausian|3LetterCode=OAN}}
{{Infobox:Language|LanguageName=Old Anhic|NativeLanguage=Anhāqa Lānha|LanguageNPrnnctn=[ɐn.hɐ̠ː.qɐ̠ lɐːn.hɐ]|LanguageFamily=Mallo-Brausian|3LetterCode=OAN}}


== Name of the language ==
== Name of the language ==
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The rule of replacing ''h-'' or ''ħ-'' with ''k-'' or ''s-'' still has the other rules apply to it. For a word like ''htera'' 'star', the three rules listed previously should be applied as if the ''h'' was not there, so ''ktera'' is not a valid special form, but ''stera'' is.  
The rule of replacing ''h-'' or ''ħ-'' with ''k-'' or ''s-'' still has the other rules apply to it. For a word like ''htera'' 'star', the three rules listed previously should be applied as if the ''h'' was not there, so ''ktera'' is not a valid special form, but ''stera'' is.  
==== Declension types ====
There are many different declensions that a nominal can be part of. This section will cover them.
'''The first declension'''
Words in this declension generally come from words that ended in *''-os'' in Proto-Mallo-Brausian. This is considered the default and first declension.
{| class="wikitable"
|
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative
| -a
| -ā
|-
!Accusative
| -am
| -az
|-
!Genitive
| -asya
| -ām
|-
!Ablative
| -ād
| -āva
|-
!Dative
| -ā
| -āva
|}
'''The second declension'''
Nominals in this declensions have the same nominative singular and accusative singular form in ''-am''. Words in this declension generally come from words that ended in *''-om'' in Proto-Mallo-Brausian.
{| class="wikitable"
|
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative
| -am
| -ā
|-
!Accusative
| -am
| -ā
|-
!Genitive
| -asya
| -ām
|-
!Ablative
| -ād
| -āva
|-
!Dative
| -ā
| -āva
|}
'''The third declension'''
Nominals in this declensions are very similar to the first declension, with the only difference being in the ablative singular and plural, and the dative plural. Words in this declension generally come from words that ended in *''-eh₂'' in Proto-Mallo-Brausian.
{| class="wikitable"
|
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative
| -a
| -ā
|-
!Accusative
| -am
| -az
|-
!Genitive
| -asya
| -ām
|-
!Ablative
| -a
| -aha
|-
!Dative
| -ā
| -aha
|}
'''The fourth declension'''
Nominals in this declensions are notable for their presence of an '''/i/''' in all affixes. Words in this declension generally come from words that ended in *''-is'' in Proto-Mallo-Brausian.
{| class="wikitable"
|
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative
| -ia
| -iā
|-
!Accusative
| -im
| -iz
|-
!Genitive
| -ia
| -iām
|-
!Ablative
| -id
| -īva
|-
!Dative
| -ī
| -īva
|}
'''The fifth declension'''
Nominals in this declension are notable for their presence of nasals in most affixes. Words in this declension generally come from words that ended in *''-mn̥'' in Proto-Mallo-Brausian. Words of this declension are almost always '''iotic''' deverbal nouns in ''-man.''
{| class="wikitable"
|
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative
| -man
| -ma
|-
!Accusative
| -man
| -ma
|-
!Genitive
| -maz
| -mana
|-
!Ablative
| -maz
| -mana
|-
!Dative
| -māni
| -mani
|}
'''The sixth declension'''
Nominals in this declension are notable for their presence of nasals in most affixes. Words in this declension generally come from words that ended in *''-mn̥'' in Proto-Mallo-Brausian. Words of this declension are almost always '''aniotic''' deverbal nouns in ''-an''.
{| class="wikitable"
|
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative
| -an
| -a
|-
!Accusative
| -an
| -a
|-
!Genitive
| -az
| -ana
|-
!Ablative
| -az
| -ana
|-
!Dative
| -āni
| -ani
|}
'''The seventh declension'''
Nominals in this declensions are notable for their presence of an '''/u/''' in all affixes. Words in this declension generally come from words that ended in *''-us'' in Proto-Mallo-Brausian.
{| class="wikitable"
|
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative
| -ua
| -uā
|-
!Accusative
| -um
| -uvaz
|-
!Genitive
| -uz
| -uām
|-
!Ablative
| -uz
| -ūva
|-
!Dative
| -ū
| -ūva
|}
'''The eighth declension'''
Words in this declension generally come from words that ended in *''-ōl'' in Proto-Mallo-Brausian.
{| class="wikitable"
|
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative
| -a
| -ā
|-
!Accusative
| -am
| -āz
|-
!Genitive
| -a
| -ām
|-
!Ablative
| -ad
| -ava
|-
!Dative
| -ā
| -ava
|}
'''The ninth declension'''
Words in this declension generally come from words that ended in ''*-r̥'' in Proto-Mallo-Brausian.
{| class="wikitable"
|
!Singular
!Plural
|-
!Nominative
| -a
| -ā
|-
!Accusative
| -am
| -āz
|-
!Genitive
| -az
| -ana
|-
!Ablative
| -az
| -ana
|-
!Dative
| -ani
| -ani
|}
'''Other unusual nouns'''
There are nouns that do not fit properly into a declension. Many of these are body parts, such as ''ħaqsa'' 'eye', and some of them have retained an unusual nominative plural in ''-ī''. These are preserved duals that have become the standard plural for these words and it is likely due to these nouns coming in pairs. 


=== Verbs ===
=== Verbs ===
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|-
|-
!''worm''
!''worm''
|varma
|varmia
|vrimi
|vrimi
|ürmi
|ürmi
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== Writing system ==
== Writing system ==
The Old Anhic script ('''Old Anhic''': ''anhāqa qrihman'') is an impure abjad with 19 total glyphs. Eighteen of the glyphs are used to represent consonants, the remaining one is used to indicate a prothetic or long vowel, generally /ɐ/. Words are written left-to-right, top-to-bottom with no spaces or interpunct between them. Diacritics did not originally exist, but a system of dots to indicate the other three vowels in Old Anhic was added later, natively called ''dāhass'' (lit. 'added'). Punctuation also did not originally exist, but a long vertical line was invented to indicate the ends of sentences, natively called a ''sttāhāss'' ('the standing').
The Old Anhic script ('''Old Anhic''': ''anhāqa qrihan'') is an impure abjad with 19 total glyphs. Eighteen of the glyphs are used to represent consonants, the remaining one is used to indicate a prothetic or long vowel, generally /ɐ/. Words are written left-to-right, top-to-bottom with no spaces or interpunct between them. Diacritics did not originally exist, but a system of dots to indicate the other three vowels in Old Anhic was added later, natively called ''dāhass'' (lit. 'added'). Punctuation also did not originally exist, but a long vertical line was invented to indicate the ends of sentences, natively called a ''sttāhāss'' ('the standing').
[[File:Oldanhicwriting2.png|thumb|780x780px|A line from the ''Zgqavha'', a prayer written in Old Anhic (''recreated on computer)'']]
[[File:Oldanhicwriting2.png|thumb|A line from the ''Zgqavha'', a prayer written in Old Anhic (''recreated on computer)'']]
[[File:Oldanhicbasenumbers2.png|border|thumb|297x297px|Old Anhic's base numbers]]
Vowels are not written, except for '''/ɐː/''' wherever it occurs, and if a word begins in a vowel, it is indicated with the vowel symbol. Geminates are also not indicated, but the act of writing a consonant twice was used later to indicate gemination.
[[File:Oldanhicnumberexamples.png|thumb|297x297px|Examples of numbers and their values in Old Anhic]]
Numbers were written using a modified tally mark system. A vertical line had the value of '1'. A forward-diagonal, akin to '/' had the value of '2'. A backward-diagonal like '\' had the value of '5'. An X-like character had the value of '10'. Addition was written from left-to-right and multiplication was written from top-to-bottom in blocks.
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