Oikan language: Difference between revisions

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'''Oikan''' (Oikan: {{Ukilen|oikto}} ''Oikto'' [ˈo̞i̯.~~ktɵ̞~~]) is the official language of [[Sunteria]]. It is a ~~Mallo-~~Brausian ~~language~~.

'''Oikan''' (Oikan: {{Ukilen|oikto}} ''Oikto'' [ˈo̞i̯.ktə]) is the official language of [[Sunteria]]. It is a [[Helnian languages|Helnian language]].

{{Infobox:Language|LanguageName=Oikan|AlternativeName=Sunterian

Kalilondese|NativeLanguage=Oikto|LanguageFamily=[[Brausian languages|Brausian]]|EarlyForms=[[Old Oikan]]

[[Middle Oikan]]|OfficialLanguage=[[Sunteria]]|LanguageNPrnnctn=[ˈo̞i̯.ktə]|WritingSystem=Oikan mixed script ([[Ukilen logographs]] and [[Astseredontia]])}}

== Phonology ==

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|Mid

|e [e̞~ə]

|o [o̞~~~ɵ̞~~~ə]

|o [o̞~ə]

|-

|Open

| colspan="2" |a [ä~ɐ~ə]

| colspan="2" |a [ä~ə]

|-

! colspan="3" |Diphthongs

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=== Allophony ===

* /m/ is labiodental when followed by /f, v/

* /n, l/ are palatal when followed by /e, ei̯, eu̯, i, iu̯, j, ʃ, ʒ, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ/

* /n, l/ are velar when followed by /o, oi̯, ou̯, u, ui̯, w, k, g/

* monophthongs are reduced in unstressed syllables

* /m/ is labiodental when followed by /f, v/

* /n/ and /l/ are palatal when followed by /e, ei̯, eu̯, i, iu̯, j, ʃ, ʒ, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ/

* /n/ and /l/ are velar when followed by /o, oi̯, ou̯, u, ui̯, w, k, g/

* in ''glede'' speech, /tp/ and /pt/ are realized as [t͡p], and /db/ and /bd/ are realized as [d͡b]

* in ''glede'' speech, the reduced forms of /a/, /e/, and /o/ merge into [ə]

=== Phonotactics ===

Syllable structure: (C)⁴V(C)⁷

Syllable structure: (C)4V(C)5

* a phoneme cannot cluster with itself, or with a phoneme that differs only by voicing, within the same syllable

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* when an oral sonorant clusters with a nasal sonorant within the same syllable in a coda, the oral sonorant must come first

* hiatuses involving /i, iu̯, u, ui̯/ cannot occur, except in loanwords

~~=== ''Kelhria'' and ''Gledia'' ===~~

All dialects of Oikan have a distinction between the ''kelhre'' register (''kelhria'') and the ''glede'' register (''gledia''). ''Kelhria'' is careful, enunciated speech. ''Gledia'' is natural, “lazy” speech. Certain allophonic processes only occur in ''gledia''.

This distinction arose ca. the 1850s, when certain sound changes involving allophony happened, but society begin to see them as inherently informal, so they affected speech without them when speaking formally/carefully. More-or-less, the ''glede'' register has the natural evolution of Oikan allophony, whereas the ''kelhre'' register is an affectation designed to imitate the Oikan allophony of the early 19th century.

=== Other Phonological Details ===

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* /h/ becomes /a/ wherever /h/ is phonotactically impossible—this is indicated in spelling

* /e/ is used as an epenthetic vowel wherever phonotactically necessary—this is indicated in spelling

* reduced vowels can optionally be elided in lyrics, poetry, and informal speech, so long as doing so does not create a phonotactic violation

== Orthography ==

Oikan is written in a mixed script consisting of [[Ukilen logographs]] (''~~rehie~~'') and [[Astseredontia|Astseredontia letters]] (''~~suenie~~'').

Oikan is written in a mixed script consisting of [[Ukilen logographs]] (''nesieikieue'') and [[Astseredontia|Astseredontia letters]] (''saianikieue'').

There are three types of readings of ''nesieikieve'': ''džesamsaianue'' (native readings), ''iemiesaianue'' (Bapho-Xenic readings), and ''džangieiemiesaianue'' (neo-Baphian readings).

Word spacing is optional, and is normally only used for emphasis, or in materials made for language learners or young children.

== Grammar ==

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== Dialectal variation ==

There are many dialects of Oikan. Oikan dialects can be divided into two groups: yod-coalescing dialects and yod-preserving dialects. Yod-coalescing dialects are dialects where the sound shift {dj, d͡zj, d͡ʒj}, {sj, ʃj}, {tj, t͡sj, t͡ʃj}, {zj, ʒj} → d͡ʒ, ʃ, t͡ʃ, ʒ has occurred. Yod-preserving dialects are dialects where said sound shift did not occur.

[[Category:Languages]]

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-'''Oikan''' (Oikan: {{Ukilen|oikto}} ''Oikto'' [ˈo̞i̯.ktɵ̞]) is the official language of [[Sunteria]]. It is a Mallo-Brausian language.
+'''Oikan''' (Oikan: {{Ukilen|oikto}} ''Oikto'' [ˈo̞i̯.ktə]) is the official language of [[Sunteria]]. It is a [[Helnian languages|Helnian language]].
+{{Infobox:Language|LanguageName=Oikan|AlternativeName=Sunterian<br>
+Kalilondese|NativeLanguage=Oikto|LanguageFamily=[[Brausian languages|Brausian]]|EarlyForms=[[Old Oikan]]<br>
+[[Middle Oikan]]|OfficialLanguage=[[Sunteria]]|LanguageNPrnnctn=[ˈo̞i̯.ktə]|WritingSystem=Oikan mixed script ([[Ukilen logographs]] and [[Astseredontia]])}}
 == Phonology ==
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 |Mid
 |e [e̞~ə]
-|o [o̞~ɵ̞~ə]
+|o [o̞~ə]
 |-
 |Open
-| colspan="2" |a [ä~ɐ~ə]
+| colspan="2" |a [ä~ə]
 |-
 ! colspan="3" |Diphthongs
@@ Line 104: / Line 108: @@
 === Allophony ===
+* /m/ is labiodental when followed by /f, v/
+* /n, l/ are palatal when followed by /e, ei̯, eu̯, i, iu̯, j, ʃ, ʒ, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ/
+* /n, l/ are velar when followed by /o, oi̯, ou̯, u, ui̯, w, k, g/
 * monophthongs are reduced in unstressed syllables
-* /m/ is labiodental when followed by /f, v/
-* /n/ and /l/ are palatal when followed by /e, ei̯, eu̯, i, iu̯, j, ʃ, ʒ, t͡ʃ, d͡ʒ/
-* /n/ and /l/ are velar when followed by /o, oi̯, ou̯, u, ui̯, w, k, g/
-* in ''glede'' speech, /tp/ and /pt/ are realized as [t͡p], and /db/ and /bd/ are realized as [d͡b]
-* in ''glede'' speech, the reduced forms of /a/, /e/, and /o/ merge into [ə]
 === Phonotactics ===
-Syllable structure: (C)⁴V(C)⁷
+Syllable structure: (C)<sup>4</sup>V(C)<sup>5</sup>
 * a phoneme cannot cluster with itself, or with a phoneme that differs only by voicing, within the same syllable
@@ Line 130: / Line 132: @@
 * when an oral sonorant clusters with a nasal sonorant within the same syllable in a coda, the oral sonorant must come first
 * hiatuses involving /i, iu̯, u, ui̯/ cannot occur, except in loanwords
-=== ''Kelhria'' and ''Gledia'' ===
-All dialects of Oikan have a distinction between the ''kelhre'' register (''kelhria'') and the ''glede'' register (''gledia''). ''Kelhria'' is careful, enunciated speech. ''Gledia'' is natural, “lazy” speech. Certain allophonic processes only occur in ''gledia''.
-This distinction arose ca. the 1850s, when certain sound changes involving allophony happened, but society begin to see them as inherently informal, so they affected speech without them when speaking formally/carefully. More-or-less, the ''glede'' register has the natural evolution of Oikan allophony, whereas the ''kelhre'' register is an affectation designed to imitate the Oikan allophony of the early 19th century.
 === Other Phonological Details ===
@@ Line 148: / Line 145: @@
 * /h/ becomes /a/ wherever /h/ is phonotactically impossible—this is indicated in spelling
 * /e/ is used as an epenthetic vowel wherever phonotactically necessary—this is indicated in spelling
+* reduced vowels can optionally be elided in lyrics, poetry, and informal speech, so long as doing so does not create a phonotactic violation
 == Orthography ==
-Oikan is written in a mixed script consisting of [[Ukilen logographs]] (''rehie'') and [[Astseredontia|Astseredontia letters]] (''suenie'').
+Oikan is written in a mixed script consisting of [[Ukilen logographs]] (''nesieikieue'') and [[Astseredontia|Astseredontia letters]] (''saianikieue'').
+There are three types of readings of ''nesieikieve'': ''džesamsaianue'' (native readings), ''iemiesaianue'' (Bapho-Xenic readings), and ''džangieiemiesaianue'' (neo-Baphian readings).
+Word spacing is optional, and is normally only used for emphasis, or in materials made for language learners or young children.
 == Grammar ==
@@ Line 186: / Line 188: @@
 == Dialectal variation ==
 There are many dialects of Oikan. Oikan dialects can be divided into two groups: yod-coalescing dialects and yod-preserving dialects. Yod-coalescing dialects are dialects where the sound shift {dj, d͡zj, d͡ʒj}, {sj, ʃj}, {tj, t͡sj, t͡ʃj}, {zj, ʒj} → d͡ʒ, ʃ, t͡ʃ, ʒ has occurred. Yod-preserving dialects are dialects where said sound shift did not occur.
+[[Category:Languages]]