Library of Turku

Baphian language: Difference between revisions

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<small>This page discusses standard Baphian, which is based off of the Turku dialect. For other Baphian dialects, See [[Baphian dialects]].</small>  
<small>This page discusses standard Baphian, which is based off of the Turku dialect. For other Baphian dialects, See [[Baphian dialects]].</small>  


Baphian is a group of languages, usually called Baphian dialects, spoken throughout most of [[Ukilen]] and [[Brausia]]. It is spoken natively by most [[Kaneedkind|kaneeds]] with the exception of [[Kzmr language|Kzmr]], a closely related language to the Baphian dialects, usually spoken by Kkzmrri. It is a part of the [[proto-Ukilen]] language family. It has around 350 million speakers, most of which are in Ukilen and are L1, with only around 2-3 million being outside of Baphia or L2.  
Baphian is a group of languages, usually called Baphian dialects, and are variably fairly mutually intelligible. spoken throughout most of [[Ukilen]] and [[Brausia]]. It is spoken natively by most [[Kaneedkind|kaneeds]] with the exception of those who speak [[Kzmr language|Kzmr]], a seperate related language group to the Baphian dialects, usually spoken by Kkzmrš. It is a part of the [[proto-Ukilen]] language family. It has around 600 million speakers, most of which are in Ukilen and are L1, with only around 5-10 million being outside of Baphia or L2.  


== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
=== Vowels ===
The following table shows vowel phonemes in standard Baphian.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|+'''Consonants'''
!
! rowspan="2" |
!Front
! colspan="2" |Labial
!Central
! colspan="2" |Coronal
!Back
! colspan="2" |Dorsal
|-
!Close
|i
|
|u
|-
|-
!Mid
!Unvoiced
|e
!Voiced
|ə
!Unvoiced
|o~ʌ
!Voiced
|-
!Unvoiced
!Open
!Voiced
|a
|
|ʌ~ɑ
|}
Most dialects share these vowels with few exceptions. The exceptions being which vowel /ʌ/ is allophonic to. In standard Baphian it is allophonic with /ɑ/, but this is mostly unique to standard Baphian because it is allophonic to /o/ in most other dialects. You can usually tell whether someone speaks standard Baphian natively due to this.
 
All of these vowels can be lengthened (mostly in words of newer age) and stressed.
 
=== Consonants ===
The following table shows consonant phonemes in standard Baphian
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!
!Labial
!Coronal
!Dorsal
!Laryngeal
|-
|-
!Nasal
!Nasal
|m
| colspan="2" |'''m''' /m/
|n
| colspan="2" |'''n''' /n/
|ŋ
| colspan="2" |'''ng''' /ŋ/
|
|-
|-
!Plosive
!Plosive
|p b
|'''p''' /p/
|t d
|'''b''' /b/
|k g
|'''t''' /t/
|ʔ*
|'''d''' /d/
|'''k''' /k/
|'''g''' /g/
|-
|-
!Sibilant
!Sibilant
|
| colspan="2" |
|s z
|'''s''' /s/
|ɕ ʑ tɕ dʑ
|'''z''' /z/
|
|'''sh''' /ɕ/ '''c''' /tɕ/
|'''zh''' /ʑ/ '''j''' /dʑ/
|-
|-
!Fricative
!Fricative
|f v
|'''f''' /f/
|ð
|'''v''' /v/
|x
| colspan="2" |
|h
| colspan="2" |'''h''' /h/
|-
|-
!Approximant
!Approximant
|w
| colspan="2" |'''w''' /w/
|ɹ ɭ
| colspan="2" |'''l''' /l~r/
|j
| colspan="2" |'''y''' /j/
|
|}
|}
All dialects share these consonants, allophony isn't present in standard Baphian consonants, but other dialects do have allophony.
/ɹ/ is used exclusively in onset, and /ɭ/ is used exclusively in coda.


== Orthography ==
== Orthography ==
Line 102: Line 75:
|{{Ukilen|Ź}}
|{{Ukilen|Ź}}
|dʑ
|dʑ
|jh
|j
|-
|-
|{{Ukilen|W}}
|{{Ukilen|W}}
Line 115: Line 88:
|{{Ukilen|E}}
|{{Ukilen|E}}
| colspan="2" |e
| colspan="2" |e
|-
|{{Ukilen|Ë}}
|ə
|ë
|-
|-
|{{Ukilen|Z}}
|{{Ukilen|Z}}
Line 125: Line 94:
|{{Ukilen|S}}
|{{Ukilen|S}}
| colspan="2" |s
| colspan="2" |s
|-
|{{Ukilen|Ð}}
|ð
|dh
|-
|-
|{{Ukilen|D}}
|{{Ukilen|D}}
Line 148: Line 113:
|{{Ukilen|N}}
|{{Ukilen|N}}
| colspan="2" |n
| colspan="2" |n
|-
|{{Ukilen|Á}}
|ɑ
|ah
|-
|-
|{{Ukilen|Ñ}}
|{{Ukilen|Ñ}}
|ŋ
|ŋ
|ng
|ng
|-
|{{Ukilen|X}}
|x
|kh
|-
|-
|{{Ukilen|J}}
|{{Ukilen|J}}
Line 174: Line 131:
|ɹ~ɭ
|ɹ~ɭ
|r
|r
|-
|{{Ukilen|S}}
| colspan="2" |s
|-
|{{Ukilen|Z}}
| colspan="2" |z
|-
|-
|{{Ukilen|Ś}}
|{{Ukilen|Ś}}
|ɕ
|ɕ
|sh
|sh
|-
|{{Ukilen|U}}
| colspan="2" |u
|-
|-
|{{Ukilen|Ž}}
|{{Ukilen|Ž}}
Line 201: Line 155:


=== Ukilen logography ===
=== Ukilen logography ===
<small>see main article: [[Ukilen logographs]]</small>
The Ukilen logography is used predominantly for content words such as nouns, adjectives, and verbs. In some cases, such as modern slang, either bare radicals or the alphabet is used.
The Ukilen logography is used predominantly for content words such as nouns, adjectives, and verbs. In some cases, such as modern slang, either bare radicals or the alphabet is used.


== Grammar ==
== Grammar ==


=== Syntax ===
== Registers ==
Standard Baphian syntax varies greatly by dialect, even within colloquial Turku Baphian and standard Baphian there are differences.
 
==== Word order ====
Standard Baphian word order is exclusively Subject-Object-Verb in prose, and even in poetry it is common for the word order to be SOV, but it is not rare for poetry to break this rule to allow for incredible ambiguation.
 
==== Adjectives and nouns ====
Standard Baphian adjectives and nouns are treated as if they're the same group of words, for example in standard Baphian, "cëzhyu" (''/tɕə.ˈʑju/''), red, can mean either the colour red itself or "the red one" or even "the one in red" all depending on context. This applies to nouns as well, for example "deye" (''/de.ˈje/''), louse, can either mean a normal ordinary louse, or "small and annoying".


One important rule about making adjectives and nouns mean more descriptive things, and treating adjectives and nouns as genuine descriptors, is that the descriptor needs to be in the vocative case by adding "mu" if its animate and "nu" if its inanimate, to the end of the word intended to be used for describing, for example, "cëzhyunu mezye" (''/tɕə.ˈʑju.nu me.ˈzje/''), red hair, and "deyemu bele" (''/de.ˈje.mu be.ˈɺe/''), an annoying small child.
== Library of Turku literature ==
[https://balls.skin/LoT/dictionary/baphian/ Turku Baphian Dictionary]
Retrieved from "https://lot.icosahedr.online/wiki/Baphian_language"