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'''Nekealiges Pataxea,''' often shortened to '''Pataxea''' (Azkali: ''Noazkalai Patua'') and variously referred to as '''Proto-Azkali, Ancient Azkali''', and '''Archaic Azkali''', is the ancestor of the modern Azkali language, which arose in Yamahat and Azkali after diffusing there from [northern continent].
'''Nekealiges Pataxea,''' often shortened to '''Pataxea''' (Azkali: ''Noazkalai Patua'') and variously referred to as '''Proto-Azkali, Ancient Azkali''', and '''Archaic Azkali''', is the ancestor of the modern Azkali language, which arose in Yamahat and Azkali after diffusing there from [northern continent]. Pataxea is perhaps the oldest extant language


{{Infobox:Language|LanguageName=Pataxea|NativeLanguage=Nekealiges Pataxea|Speakers=~8000 L2 speakers
{{Infobox:Language|LanguageName=Pataxea|NativeLanguage=Nekealiges Pataxea|Speakers=~8000 L2 speakers
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=== Pataxea (8000-6000 BCE) ===
=== Pataxea (8000-6000 BCE) ===


=== Late Pataxea (4000 BCE) ===
=== Merwan Pataxea (5000 BCE) ===


=== Nokian Pataxea and evolution into Azkali (2302 BCE onwards) ===
=== Nokian Pataxea and evolution into Azkali (2302 BCE onwards) ===
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=== Current day ===
=== Current day ===
== Influence ==


== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
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==== Overview ====
==== Overview ====
Pataxea verbal morphology is in general substantially less complicated than Azkali verbal morphology: unlike in Azkali, in which all verbs can conjugate for the full spectrum of tense, mood, persons, etc, only a very small subset of Pataxea verbs can. The verbs that can conjugate like this are called ''synthetic verbs'', while the rest are called ''periphrastic'' (''verbs''). The only synthetic Pataxea verbs are '''is''' (to be), '''ia''' (to have), '''ahha''' (to do), '''eiexe''' (to have), '''reas''' (to run), and '''ea''' (to give). In Pataxea, the sentence ''Kre saxanereal sarieak'' translates to "I ate with him". This can be broken down into:
The most basic categorization for Pataxea verbs is the ''aspect''. Contrary to the name, Pataxea aspect actually represents a form of lexical aspect, of which there are three:
 
* stative: verbs that depict a state of being, with an indefinite or absent beginning or end.
* active: verbs that depict an action, with a definite beginning but an indefinite end.
* eventive: verbs that depict an action, with a definite beginning and end.
 
Pataxea verbs behaved differently, and indeed conjugated differently based on their aspect. Several strategies existed to switch a verb one aspect to another, most commonly by auxiliary verbs or suffixes. Verbs have three moods: 
 
* indicative: the default mood, indicating that something is a statement of fact.
* subjunctive: used to represent various states of unreality like assumption, emotion, obligation, opinion, possibility, etc.
* optative: used to indicate wish or hope.
Verbs have four tenses:
 
* non-past: used for actions not in the past; equivalent to a present tense.
* future: used for actions that will happen in the future.
* past: used for actions that previously occurred.
* far-past: used for actions that previously occurred long ago, for timeless states of being, and other various uses.
 
Verbs have three grammatical voices:
 
* active: used when the subject of the clause is the verb's agent.
* passive: used when the subject of the clause is the verb's patient.
* reciprocal: used when both participants take the role of agent and patient in respect to each other.
There is also a category unique to Pataxea and Azkali, called ''version''. Version is semantically diverse and can either add abstract meaning to a verb stem or provide additional information to the verb, including causality, accompaniment, and so on. Azkali's version system is much fuller than Pataxea's version system.
 
Verbs have three grammatical persons, the first, second, and third. The third person is subdivided into the masculine, feminine, and neutral. There is no distinction made between grammatical number.Pataxea verbal morphology is in general substantially less complicated than Azkali verbal morphology: unlike in Azkali, in which all verbs can conjugate for the full spectrum of tense, mood, persons, etc, only a very small subset of Pataxea verbs can. The verbs that can conjugate like this are called ''synthetic verbs'', while the rest are called ''periphrastic'' (''verbs''). The only synthetic Pataxea verbs are '''is''' (to be), '''ia''' (to have), '''ahha''' (to do), '''eiexe''' (to have), '''reas''' (to run), and '''ea''' (to give). In Pataxea, the sentence ''Kre saxanerel sarieak'' translates to "I ate with him". This can be broken down into:
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|+
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! rowspan="3" |
! rowspan="3" |
!saxan
!saxan
!ereal
!erel
! rowspan="3" |
! rowspan="3" |
!sa
!sa
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| -a
| -a
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |Participle
! rowspan="4" |Participle
!Far past
!Far-past
| -xs
| -xs
| -eaxs
| -eaxs
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| -erel
| -erel
|-
|-
!Nonpast
!Non-past
| -sa
| -sa
| -esa
| -esa
|-
!Future
| -rek
| -erek
|}
|}
It can be seen in this example that periphrastic verbs take tense marking when placed in the participle, and while ungrammatical, it is technically possible to parse a sentence without a synthetic auxiliary verb. These suffixes are also occasionally used in the creation of nouns: for example, the Pataxea word ''titakaina'', meaning author, is derived from ''tita'', to read, and the agentive suffix -na.
It can be seen in this example that periphrastic verbs take tense marking when placed in the participle, and while ungrammatical, it is technically possible to parse a sentence without a synthetic auxiliary verb. These suffixes are also occasionally used in the creation of nouns: for example, the Pataxea word ''titakaina'', meaning author, is derived from ''tita'', to read, and the agentive suffix -na.
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!Notes
!Notes
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |-exi
! rowspan="4" |-xi
!Far past
!Far-past
| -xas
| -xas
| -exas
| -exas
| rowspan="3" |''-exi'' is used for most, but not all, verbs of a
| rowspan="4" |''-xi'' is used for most, but not all, verbs of a
stative (i.e describing states of being, such as
stative (i.e describing states of being, such as


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| -exel
| -exel
|-
|-
!Nonpast
!Non-past
| -xi
| -xi
| -exi
| -exi
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |-bi
!Future
!Far past
| -xik
| -exik
|-
! rowspan="4" |-bi
!Far-past
| -bas
| -bas
| -ebas
| -ebas
| rowspan="3" |
| rowspan="4" | -''bi'' is used for many obligatory verbal actions,
which includes working, eating, drinking, etc.
 
It is the participle of ''ea''.
|-
|-
!Past
!Past
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| -ebel
| -ebel
|-
|-
!Nonpast
!Non-past
| -bi
| -bi
| -ebi
| -ebi
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |-bol
!Future
!Far past
| -bik
| -ebik
|-
! rowspan="4" |-bal
!Far-past
| -bez
| -bez
| -ebez
| -ebez
| rowspan="3" |
| rowspan="4" | -''bol'' is used for some verbs of a eventive (i.e
describing short, single events) lexical aspects.
 
It is the participle of ''reas'' and ''ia''.
|-
|-
!Past
!Past
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| -ebel
| -ebel
|-
|-
!Nonpast
!Non-past
| -bol
| -bal
| -ebol
| -ebal
|-
!Future
| -bak
| -ebak
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |-bes
! rowspan="3" |-bes
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|
|
|-
|-
!
!Present
|
habitual
|(periphrastic non-past ''participle'')
+ present of ''ia'' (have)
|
|
* ''chixrua nia'' 'I am usually cold'
* ''tachixi nia'' 'I usually read'
* ''naikebi nia'' 'I usually work'
|
|
|-
|-
!
!Gnomic
|
|(periphrastic non-past ''participle'')
+ far past of ''is'' (be)
|
|
* ''chixrua nasis'' 'I am cold'
* ''tachixi nasis'' 'I read'
* ''naikebi nasis'' 'I work'
|
|
|-
|-
!
!Present
|
continuative
|(periphrastic non-past ''participle'')
+ synthetic non-past tense +
|
|
|
|
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==== Synthetic verbs ====
==== Synthetic verbs ====
Synthetic verbs represent the most complicated portion of Pataxea morphology. As stated previously, synthetic verbs conjugate for tense, mood, voice, person, and version, unlike periphrastic verbs. There are only six synthetic verbs: '''is''' (to be), '''ia''' (to have), '''ahha''' (to do), '''eiexe''' (to have), '''reas''' (to run), and '''ea''' (to give).


== Writing system ==
== Writing system ==
=== Branchscript ===


== Lexicon ==
== Lexicon ==


== Influences on other languages ==
== Influences on other languages ==
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