Alhi language: Difference between revisions

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'''Alhi''', specifically '''Modern Alhi''' is an Alhic language that evolved from [[Classical Alhi]]. It is spoken primarily in [[Alloti]] and [[Allotian overseas territories|its overseas territories]], with about 70 million native speakers, and about ~~100~~ million when including non-native speakers. Alhi was also once a language of high prestige in [[Cring]], as in [placeholder date], [[Historical Allotian control over Cring|Cring was controlled]] but not completely integrated into Alloti. Since then, Alhi slowly lost its presence in Cring.

{{Infobox:Language|LanguageName=Alhi|NativeLanguage={{Alhi|aLi}}|LanguageNPrnnctn=/a.ɬi/|Speakers=Native: 183 million Total: ~200 million|LanguageFamily=Alhic|EarlyForms=Classical Alhi|WritingSystem=Oulaj|OfficialLanguage=[[Alloti]] [[Sinovoz]] [[Ojanka]]|RegulatedBy=[[Icujajalhi]]|3LetterCode=ALH}}

'''Alhi''', specifically '''Modern Alhi''' is an Alhic language that evolved from [[Classical Alhi]]. It is spoken primarily in [[Alloti]] and [[Allotian overseas territories|its overseas territories]], with about 183 million native speakers, and about 200 million when including non-native speakers. Alhi was also once a language of high prestige in [[Cring]], as in [placeholder date], [[Historical Allotian control over Cring|Cring was controlled]] but not completely integrated into Alloti. Since then, Alhi slowly lost its presence in Cring.

Alhi is related to [[Kes language|Kes]], another Alhic language, spoken in central Alloti. Alhi's first texts can be traced back to [placeholder date], being written in Alhi's native script, [[Oulaj]]. Oulaj is still used to write Alhi today, and a variation of it is used to write Kes. [[Tova language|Tova]], another native language of Alloti (but unrelated to Alhi and Kes), was once written in Oulaj, but Tova's original script regained popular use and Oulaj's use to write Tova is purely historical.

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=== Ojanka ===

[[Ojanka]], a set of five islands controlled simultaneously by both Alloti and Mallia, Alhi is an official language. Most people on Ojanka speak both Alhi and [[Mallian language|Mallian]], with road signs, other signs, and text being written in both Alhi and Mallian.

On [[Ojanka]], a set of five islands controlled simultaneously by both Alloti and Mallia, Alhi is an official language. Most people on Ojanka speak both Alhi and [[Mallian language|Mallian]], with road signs, other signs, and text being written in both Alhi and Mallian.

=== Sinovoz ===

[[Sinovoz]], a large island located in the middle of the Bellic Sea ~~was~~ also a colony of Alloti. Alhi ~~had been~~ an official language ~~until Sinovoz's independence~~. The native language of Sinovoz, Piriň, has gained more and more use and now is the most spoken language on Sinovoz, but Alhi is still widely spoken and some areas on the island are still majority Alhi speaking. Signs and text are translated into both Piriň and Alhi, but many signs in only Piriň appear commonly in the capital of Sinovoz, Sinovoz-Ler.

[[Sinovoz]], a large island located in the middle of the Bellic Sea is also a colony of Alloti. Alhi is an official language. The native language of Sinovoz, Piriň, has gained more and more use and now is the most spoken language on Sinovoz, but Alhi is still widely spoken and some areas on the island are still majority Alhi speaking. Signs and text are translated into both Piriň and Alhi, but many signs in only Piriň appear commonly in the capital of Sinovoz, Sinovoz-Ler.

== Grammar ==

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==== Noun cases ====

The different noun cases perform different functions in nouns~~, this~~ section will cover what each of them does individually.

The different noun cases perform different functions in nouns. This section will cover what each of them does individually.

===== The nominative case =====

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===== The locative case =====

The locative case simply marks the location of a noun~~, it~~ can also mark movement like an ablative. Number is not distinguished in this case, only definiteness is.

The locative case simply marks the location of a noun. It can also mark movement like an ablative. Number is not distinguished in this case, only definiteness is.

===== The comitative case =====

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|of

|}

=== Compounding ===

In Alhi, the rules of compounding are not completely known as compounding is sometimes optional, chaotic, and hard to define. But, the ''Icujajalhi'' 'Academy of Alhi' has defined these rules / tendencies:

* Compounding can occur between any part of speech.

* Terms that would generally require an ''ede'' 'of' no longer require it in a compound.

* The part of speech of the final unit in a compound generally defines the part of the speech of the compound as a whole.

* The order of noun-adjective must be respected in compounds.

* Compounds can technically be infinitely long.

* In a compound, if two words collide and the ends have vowels (...V1#-#V2...), the second vowel replaces the first vowel.

** Example: ''Icujajalhi'', formed from ''ic'' 'teach' + ''-uja'' 'place of...' + ''-ajo'' 'augmentative suffix' + ''Alhi'' 'Alhi', the ''o'' in ''-ajo'' is replaced with the ''a'' in ''Alhi''.

** This rule is a mild tendency as many dialects ''do'' place an epenthetic /χ/ like in non-compounds.

=== Verbs ===

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|-

|'''First person'''

|''keluna'' 'I play'

|''keluna'' 'I will play'

|''kelin'' 'We play'

|''kelin'' 'We will play'

|-

|'''Second person'''

|''kelona'' 'You play'

|''kelona'' 'You will play'

|''kelul'' 'You play (plural)'

|''kelul'' 'You will play (plural)'

|-

|'''Third person'''

|''kelon'' 'He, she, they, it play'

|''kelon'' 'He, she, they, it will play'

|''kelana'' 'They play (plural)'

|''kelana'' 'They will play (plural)'

|}

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|-

|'''First person'''

|''kelka'' 'I ~~play~~'

|''kelka'' 'I played'

|''kelni'' 'We ~~play~~'

|''kelni'' 'We played'

|-

|'''Second person'''

|''kelci'' 'You ~~play~~'

|''kelci'' 'You played'

|''kelkou'' 'You ~~play~~ (plural)'

|''kelkou'' 'You played (plural)'

|-

|'''Third person'''

|''kelaja'' 'He, she, they, it ~~play~~'

|''kelaja'' 'He, she, they, it played'

|''kelno'' 'They ~~play~~ (plural)'

|''kelno'' 'They played (plural)'

|}

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====== The regular imperative ======

The regular imperative is used to convey commands / orders with a sense of informality. It is used when one wishes to order someone that would be addressed with ''mon''.

The regular imperative is used to convey commands and orders with a sense of informality. It is used when one wishes to order someone that would be addressed with ''mon''.

{| class="wikitable"

|+Regular imperative forms of ''kelun'' 'to play'

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===== The interrogative mood =====

The interrogative mood is used to form questions, like the subjunctive mood~~, it~~ also only distinguishes the present, past, and future tenses in the non-aspectual aspect. Interrogative statements may be optionally accompanied by a clause-final particle ''il''.

The interrogative mood is used to form questions, like the subjunctive mood. It also only distinguishes the present, past, and future tenses in the non-aspectual aspect. Interrogative statements may be optionally accompanied by a clause-final particle ''il''.

====== The present ======

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==== The habitual aspect ====

The habitual aspect in Alhi is the second of the two synthetic aspects in Alhi. It is used to describe permanent / long-lasting states of being and actions that occur habitually or repeatedly. The habitual aspect distinguishes less moods and tenses than the non-aspectual, as it only has an indicative, in which the present and past tenses are distinguished, and a subjunctive with no tense distinctions. All of the forms of the habitual are formed with an ''e(h)-'' prefix.

The habitual aspect in Alhi is the second of the two synthetic aspects in Alhi. It is used to describe permanent or long-lasting states of being and actions that occur habitually or repeatedly. The habitual aspect distinguishes less moods and tenses than the non-aspectual, as it only has an indicative - in which the present and past tenses are distinguished - and a subjunctive with no tense distinctions. All of the forms of the habitual are formed with an ''e(h)-'' prefix.

===== The indicative mood =====

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====== The present ======

The present indicative habitual is used to describe on-going or current habitual actions / states. The forms for this are derived from the non-aspectual indicative present forms.

The present indicative habitual is used to describe on-going or current habitual actions and states. The forms for this are derived from the non-aspectual indicative present forms.

* '''Ejul ei''' ilikin. — '''He eats a lot''' of pancakes.

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|}

==== ~~'''~~The progressive aspect~~'''~~ ====

==== The progressive aspect ====

The progressive aspect corresponds to actions that are ongoing. It is formed with the construction of '''stem of verb''' (verb without its infinitive) '''+ conjugated form of ''vulun'''''<nowiki/>''.'' Due to ''vulun'' being able to be conjugated for any form in this aspect, the progressive takes on all of the forms of a verb. This aspect does not require a subject pronoun.

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* [placeholder]

==== ~~'''~~Other verbal forms~~'''~~ ====

==== Other verbal forms ====

Alhi has many different verbal forms that aren't tense, aspect, or mood. This section covers most of them.

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The reflexive denotes the subject and direct object of a verb being the same, it is indicated with a post-verbal particle ''hei'', corresponding to 'oneself'. For example: ''Fojostaba hei''. 'I showered myself'. The reflexive makes the requirement of a subject pronoun optional, and it is up to the speaker if they wish to include a subject pronoun.

==== ~~'''~~The passive voice~~'''~~ ====

There are some verbs that when reflexive, change in meaning, but this are limited and dated. One example is ''sedun hei'' 'to interpret', derived from ''sedun'' 'to read'.

==== The passive voice ====

Alhi has a second voice in its verbs. All of the forms above have been in the active voice, which is the default unmarked one. Generally, the passive voice is marked with an ''a(h)-'' prefix, but this doesn't occur for all forms. In the passive habitual, instead of the marking being ''a(h)e(h)-'', it simply becomes ''u(h)-''. The passive voice also changes the word order of a sentence. In the active voice, the canonical word order is VSO, but in the passive, it becomes VOS.

* Eca '''ejo''' eis. — '''I''' saw it.

* Ecec '''ejın''' ei — It was seen by '''me'''.

== Phonology ==

The phonological system of Alhi is derived from Classical Alhi. Unlike Kes, Alhi is phonologically conservative in its shifts, preserving much of its phonological system. A notable phonological feature of Alhi that is of interest to foreign linguists is the presence of a lateral fricative, /ɬ/, and palatal stops, /c ɟ/. This section will cover the phonological system of Modern Standard Solau-Ler Alhi (MSSLA), but will talk about dialectal variation.

=== Consonants ===

Alhi has 20 consonants. More than half are labial or alveolar, with there being only six non-labial/alveolar consonants. The table will have the romanizations of certain phonemes next to them.

{| class="wikitable"

|+Consonant table of '''''Modern Standard Solau-Ler Alhi'''''

! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |

! rowspan="2" |Labial

! colspan="2" |Alveolar

! rowspan="2" |Palatal

! rowspan="2" |Uvulovelar

|-

!'''Central'''

!'''Lateral'''

|-

| colspan="2" |'''Nasal'''

|''m''

|''n''

|

|-

| rowspan="2" |'''Plosive'''

| +V

|''p''

|''t''

|

|''c''

|''k''

|-

| -V

|''b''

|''d''

|

|'''''ɟ''' j''

|''g''

|-

| rowspan="2" |'''Fricative'''

| +V

|''f''

|''s''

|'''''ɬ''' lh, ll, ļ''

|

|'''''χ''' h''

|-

| -V

|''v''

|''z''

|

|-

| colspan="2" |'''Approximant'''

|'''''ʋ''' w''

|

|''l''

|'''''j''' y''

|

|-

| colspan="2" |'''Rhotic'''

|

|''r''

|

|}

==== Consonant clusters ====

The rules of consonant clusters, like the rules of compounding, are not clearly defined, but the ''Icujajalhi'' has noted some tendencies.

* Obstruent clusters will likely be of matching voicings.

* Consonant clusters are somewhat uncommon.

* Many consonant clusters are ''/s/ + C'' or the reverse.

=== Vowels ===

Alhi has 6 vowels, with only 1 central vowel.

{| class="wikitable"

|+Vowels of MSSLA

!

!Front

!Central

!Back

|-

|'''High'''

|''i''

|'''''ɨ''' ı''

|''u''

|-

|'''Mid'''

|''e''

|

|''o''

|-

|'''Low'''

|''a''

|

|}

==== Diphthongs and triphthongs ====

Alhi has a few true diphthongs and one triphthong. The diphthongs are '''/ei/''', '''/ou/''', '''/au/''', '''/eu/'''. The singular triphthong is '''/eia/''', but many dialects also have '''/oua/''' (MSSLA interprets that as '''/ouχa/'''). Many other diphthongs can exist (like '''/oi/''') but these can only exist in words and not from the result of a word plus an affix. An epenthetic '''/χ/''' is inserted to prevent vowel hiatus at the edges of words/affixes.

==== Vowel hiatus ====

Vowel hiatus in Alhi is prevented by the insertion of /χ/ between the vowels. The prevention of vowel hiatus occurs when an suffix that begins with a vowel tries to attach onto a word that ends in a vowel, these word-suffix vowel sequences aren't allowed in Alhi phonology and must have a /χ/ inserted between them. (This also applies to prefixes that end in a vowel and if the prefixed word begins in a vowel). Vowel hiatus can also occur in compounds when vowels touch, but this is dialectal.

== Orthography ==

Alhi has had its own writing system called ''Oulaj'' for many centuries, and it is the most used writing system in Alloti, and has continuous usage in the joint colony of [[Ojanka and Bassau|Ojanka (Bassau)]]. Oulaj is an alphabet with a total of 24 letters, 6 being vowel glyphs, and 18 being consonant glyphs. There are also basic punctuation marks for quotations and parentheses, commas, and periods. There are also 10 number glyphs for 0-9.

The basic font, natively known as ''Alhiremlor'' 'Clean Alhi' is installed on all computers in Alloti by default.

=== Table of letters ===

{| class="wikitable"

|+All letters in Alhi

!Glyph

!Letter name

!IPA

!Rom

|-

!'''{{Alhi|i}}'''

|ilu

|i, j

|i, y

|-

!'''{{Alhi|m}}'''

|mei

| colspan="2" |m

|-

!'''{{Alhi|p}}'''

|pei

| colspan="2" |p

|-

!'''{{Alhi|b}}'''

|bou

| colspan="2" |b

|-

!'''{{Alhi|f}}'''

|fei

| colspan="2" |f

|-

!'''{{Alhi|v}}'''

|vou

|v, ʋ

|v, w

|-

!'''{{Alhi|e}}'''

|ecu

| colspan="2" |e

|-

!'''{{Alhi|n}}'''

|nei

| colspan="2" |n

|-

!'''{{Alhi|t}}'''

|tei

| colspan="2" |t

|-

!'''{{Alhi|d}}'''

|dou

| colspan="2" |d

|-

!'''{{Alhi|s}}'''

|sei

| colspan="2" |s

|-

!'''{{Alhi|z}}'''

|zou

| colspan="2" |z

|-

!'''{{Alhi|a}}'''

|amu

| colspan="2" |a

|-

!'''{{Alhi|r}}'''

|rei

| colspan="2" |r

|-

!'''{{Alhi|l}}'''

|lei

| colspan="2" |l

|-

!'''{{Alhi|u}}'''

|usul

| colspan="2" |u

|-

!'''{{Alhi|c}}'''

|cei

| colspan="2" |c

|-

!'''{{Alhi|k}}'''

|kei

| colspan="2" |k

|-

!'''{{Alhi|g}}'''

|gou

| colspan="2" |g

|-

!'''{{Alhi|j}}'''

|jou

|ɟ

|j

|-

!'''{{Alhi|h}}'''

|hei

|χ

|h

|-

!'''{{Alhi|o}}'''

|oka

| colspan="2" |o

|-

!'''{{Alhi|L}}'''

|ļei

|ɬ

|ļ, lh, ll

|-

!'''{{Alhi|y}}'''

|ıja

|ɨ

|ı

|}

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-'''Alhi''', specifically '''Modern Alhi''' is an Alhic language that evolved from [[Classical Alhi]]. It is spoken primarily in [[Alloti]] and [[Allotian overseas territories|its overseas territories]], with about 70 million native speakers, and about 100 million when including non-native speakers. Alhi was also once a language of high prestige in [[Cring]], as in [placeholder date], [[Historical Allotian control over Cring|Cring was controlled]] but not completely integrated into Alloti. Since then, Alhi slowly lost its presence in Cring.
+{{Infobox:Language|LanguageName=Alhi|NativeLanguage={{Alhi|aLi}}|LanguageNPrnnctn=/a.ɬi/|Speakers=Native: 183 million<br>Total: ~200 million|LanguageFamily=Alhic|EarlyForms=Classical Alhi|WritingSystem=Oulaj|OfficialLanguage=[[Alloti]]<br>[[Sinovoz]]<br>[[Ojanka]]|RegulatedBy=[[Icujajalhi]]|3LetterCode=ALH}}
+'''Alhi''', specifically '''Modern Alhi''' is an Alhic language that evolved from [[Classical Alhi]]. It is spoken primarily in [[Alloti]] and [[Allotian overseas territories|its overseas territories]], with about 183 million native speakers, and about 200 million when including non-native speakers. Alhi was also once a language of high prestige in [[Cring]], as in [placeholder date], [[Historical Allotian control over Cring|Cring was controlled]] but not completely integrated into Alloti. Since then, Alhi slowly lost its presence in Cring.
 Alhi is related to [[Kes language|Kes]], another Alhic language, spoken in central Alloti. Alhi's first texts can be traced back to [placeholder date], being written in Alhi's native script, [[Oulaj]]. Oulaj is still used to write Alhi today, and a variation of it is used to write Kes. [[Tova language|Tova]], another native language of Alloti (but unrelated to Alhi and Kes), was once written in Oulaj, but Tova's original script regained popular use and Oulaj's use to write Tova is purely historical.
@@ Line 24: / Line 26: @@
 === Ojanka ===
-[[Ojanka]], a set of five islands controlled simultaneously by both Alloti and Mallia, Alhi is an official language. Most people on Ojanka speak both Alhi and [[Mallian language|Mallian]], with road signs, other signs, and text being written in both Alhi and Mallian.
+On [[Ojanka]], a set of five islands controlled simultaneously by both Alloti and Mallia, Alhi is an official language. Most people on Ojanka speak both Alhi and [[Mallian language|Mallian]], with road signs, other signs, and text being written in both Alhi and Mallian.
 === Sinovoz ===
-[[Sinovoz]], a large island located in the middle of the Bellic Sea was also a colony of Alloti. Alhi had been an official language until Sinovoz's independence. The native language of Sinovoz, Piriň, has gained more and more use and now is the most spoken language on Sinovoz, but Alhi is still widely spoken and some areas on the island are still majority Alhi speaking. Signs and text are translated into both Piriň and Alhi, but many signs in only Piriň appear commonly in the capital of Sinovoz, Sinovoz-Ler.
+[[Sinovoz]], a large island located in the middle of the Bellic Sea is also a colony of Alloti. Alhi is an official language. The native language of Sinovoz, Piriň, has gained more and more use and now is the most spoken language on Sinovoz, but Alhi is still widely spoken and some areas on the island are still majority Alhi speaking. Signs and text are translated into both Piriň and Alhi, but many signs in only Piriň appear commonly in the capital of Sinovoz, Sinovoz-Ler.
 == Grammar ==
@@ Line 234: / Line 236: @@
 ==== Noun cases ====
-The different noun cases perform different functions in nouns, this section will cover what each of them does individually.
+The different noun cases perform different functions in nouns. This section will cover what each of them does individually.
 ===== The nominative case =====
@@ Line 246: / Line 248: @@
 ===== The locative case =====
-The locative case simply marks the location of a noun, it can also mark movement like an ablative. Number is not distinguished in this case, only definiteness is.
+The locative case simply marks the location of a noun. It can also mark movement like an ablative. Number is not distinguished in this case, only definiteness is.
 ===== The comitative case =====
@@ Line 513: / Line 515: @@
 |of
 |}
+=== Compounding ===
+In Alhi, the rules of compounding are not completely known as compounding is sometimes optional, chaotic, and hard to define. But, the ''Icujajalhi'' 'Academy of Alhi' has defined these rules / tendencies:
+* Compounding can occur between any part of speech.
+* Terms that would generally require an ''ede'' 'of' no longer require it in a compound.
+* The part of speech of the final unit in a compound generally defines the part of the speech of the compound as a whole.
+* The order of noun-adjective must be respected in compounds.
+* Compounds can technically be infinitely long.
+* In a compound, if two words collide and the ends have vowels (...V<small>1</small>#-#V<small>2</small>...), the second vowel replaces the first vowel.
+** Example: ''Icujajalhi'', formed from ''ic'' 'teach' + ''-uja'' 'place of...' + ''-ajo'' 'augmentative suffix' + ''Alhi'' 'Alhi', the ''o'' in ''-ajo'' is replaced with the ''a'' in ''Alhi''.
+** This rule is a mild tendency as many dialects ''do'' place an epenthetic /χ/ like in non-compounds.
 === Verbs ===
@@ Line 658: / Line 672: @@
 |-
 |'''First person'''
-|''keluna'' 'I play'
+|''keluna'' 'I will play'
-|''kelin'' 'We play'
+|''kelin'' 'We will play'
 |-
 |'''Second person'''
-|''kelona'' 'You play'
+|''kelona'' 'You will play'
-|''kelul'' 'You play (plural)'
+|''kelul'' 'You will play (plural)'
 |-
 |'''Third person'''
-|''kelon'' 'He, she, they, it play'
+|''kelon'' 'He, she, they, it will play'
-|''kelana'' 'They play (plural)'
+|''kelana'' 'They will play (plural)'
 |}
@@ Line 678: / Line 692: @@
 |-
 |'''First person'''
-|''kelka'' 'I play'
+|''kelka'' 'I played'
-|''kelni'' 'We play'
+|''kelni'' 'We played'
 |-
 |'''Second person'''
-|''kelci'' 'You play'
+|''kelci'' 'You played'
-|''kelkou'' 'You play (plural)'
+|''kelkou'' 'You played (plural)'
 |-
 |'''Third person'''
-|''kelaja'' 'He, she, they, it play'
+|''kelaja'' 'He, she, they, it played'
-|''kelno'' 'They play (plural)'
+|''kelno'' 'They played (plural)'
 |}
@@ Line 694: / Line 708: @@
 ====== The regular imperative ======
-The regular imperative is used to convey commands / orders with a sense of informality. It is used when one wishes to order someone that would be addressed with ''mon''.
+The regular imperative is used to convey commands and orders with a sense of informality. It is used when one wishes to order someone that would be addressed with ''mon''.
 {| class="wikitable"
 |+Regular imperative forms of ''kelun'' 'to play'
@@ Line 728: / Line 742: @@
 ===== The interrogative mood =====
-The interrogative mood is used to form questions, like the subjunctive mood, it also only distinguishes the present, past, and future tenses in the non-aspectual aspect. Interrogative statements may be optionally accompanied by a clause-final particle ''il''.
+The interrogative mood is used to form questions, like the subjunctive mood. It also only distinguishes the present, past, and future tenses in the non-aspectual aspect. Interrogative statements may be optionally accompanied by a clause-final particle ''il''.
 ====== The present ======
@@ Line 791: / Line 805: @@
 ==== The habitual aspect ====
-The habitual aspect in Alhi is the second of the two synthetic aspects in Alhi. It is used to describe permanent / long-lasting states of being and actions that occur habitually or repeatedly. The habitual aspect distinguishes less moods and tenses than the non-aspectual, as it only has an indicative, in which the present and past tenses are distinguished, and a subjunctive with no tense distinctions. All of the forms of the habitual are formed with an ''e(h)-'' prefix.
+The habitual aspect in Alhi is the second of the two synthetic aspects in Alhi. It is used to describe permanent or long-lasting states of being and actions that occur habitually or repeatedly. The habitual aspect distinguishes less moods and tenses than the non-aspectual, as it only has an indicative - in which the present and past tenses are distinguished - and a subjunctive with no tense distinctions. All of the forms of the habitual are formed with an ''e(h)-'' prefix.
 ===== The indicative mood =====
@@ Line 797: / Line 811: @@
 ====== The present ======
-The present indicative habitual is used to describe on-going or current habitual actions / states. The forms for this are derived from the non-aspectual indicative present forms.
+The present indicative habitual is used to describe on-going or current habitual actions and states. The forms for this are derived from the non-aspectual indicative present forms.
 * '''Ejul ei''' ilikin. — '''He eats a lot''' of pancakes.
@@ Line 892: / Line 906: @@
 |}
-==== '''The progressive aspect''' ====
+==== The progressive aspect ====
 The progressive aspect corresponds to actions that are ongoing. It is formed with the construction of '''stem of verb''' (verb without its infinitive) '''+ conjugated form of ''vulun'''''<nowiki/>''.'' Due to ''vulun'' being able to be conjugated for any form in this aspect, the progressive takes on all of the forms of a verb. This aspect does not require a subject pronoun.
@@ Line 903: / Line 917: @@
 * [placeholder]
-==== '''Other verbal forms''' ====
+==== Other verbal forms ====
 Alhi has many different verbal forms that aren't tense, aspect, or mood. This section covers most of them.
@@ Line 912: / Line 926: @@
 The reflexive denotes the subject and direct object of a verb being the same, it is indicated with a post-verbal particle ''hei'', corresponding to 'oneself'. For example: ''Fojostaba hei''. 'I showered myself'. The reflexive makes the requirement of a subject pronoun optional, and it is up to the speaker if they wish to include a subject pronoun.
-==== '''The passive voice''' ====
+There are some verbs that when reflexive, change in meaning, but this are limited and dated. One example is ''sedun hei'' 'to interpret', derived from ''sedun'' 'to read'.
+==== The passive voice ====
 Alhi has a second voice in its verbs. All of the forms above have been in the active voice, which is the default unmarked one. Generally, the passive voice is marked with an ''a(h)-'' prefix, but this doesn't occur for all forms. In the passive habitual, instead of the marking being ''a(h)e(h)-'', it simply becomes ''u(h)-''. The passive voice also changes the word order of a sentence. In the active voice, the canonical word order is VSO, but in the passive, it becomes VOS.
 * Ec<u>a</u> '''ejo''' <u>eis</u>. — '''I''' saw <u>it</u>.
 * Ec<u>ec</u> '''ejın''' <u>ei</u> — <u>It</u> was seen by '''me'''.
+== Phonology ==
+The phonological system of Alhi is derived from Classical Alhi. Unlike Kes, Alhi is phonologically conservative in its shifts, preserving much of its phonological system. A notable phonological feature of Alhi that is of interest to foreign linguists is the presence of a lateral fricative, /ɬ/, and palatal stops, /c ɟ/. This section will cover the phonological system of Modern Standard Solau-Ler Alhi (MSSLA), but will talk about dialectal variation.
+=== Consonants ===
+Alhi has 20 consonants. More than half are labial or alveolar, with there being only six non-labial/alveolar consonants. The table will have the romanizations of certain phonemes next to them.
+{| class="wikitable"
+|+Consonant table of '''''Modern Standard Solau-Ler Alhi'''''
+! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
+! rowspan="2" |Labial
+! colspan="2" |Alveolar
+! rowspan="2" |Palatal
+! rowspan="2" |Uvulovelar
+|-
+!'''Central'''
+!'''Lateral'''
+|-
+| colspan="2" |'''Nasal'''
+|''m''
+|''n''
+|
+|
+|
+|-
+| rowspan="2" |'''Plosive'''
+| +V
+|''p''
+|''t''
+|
+|''c''
+|''k''
+|-
+| -V
+|''b''
+|''d''
+|
+|'''''ɟ''' j''
+|''g''
+|-
+| rowspan="2" |'''Fricative'''
+| +V
+|''f''
+|''s''
+|'''''ɬ''' lh, ll, ļ''
+|
+|'''''χ''' h''
+|-
+| -V
+|''v''
+|''z''
+|
+|
+|
+|-
+| colspan="2" |'''Approximant'''
+|'''''ʋ''' w''
+|
+|''l''
+|'''''j''' y''
+|
+|-
+| colspan="2" |'''Rhotic'''
+|
+|''r''
+|
+|
+|
+|}
+==== Consonant clusters ====
+The rules of consonant clusters, like the rules of compounding, are not clearly defined, but the ''Icujajalhi'' has noted some tendencies.
+* Obstruent clusters will likely be of matching voicings.
+* Consonant clusters are somewhat uncommon.
+* Many consonant clusters are ''/s/ + C'' or the reverse.
+=== Vowels ===
+Alhi has 6 vowels, with only 1 central vowel.
+{| class="wikitable"
+|+Vowels of MSSLA
+!
+!Front
+!Central
+!Back
+|-
+|'''High'''
+|''i''
+|'''''ɨ''' ı''
+|''u''
+|-
+|'''Mid'''
+|''e''
+|
+|''o''
+|-
+|'''Low'''
+|''a''
+|
+|
+|}
+==== Diphthongs and triphthongs ====
+Alhi has a few true diphthongs and one triphthong. The diphthongs are '''/ei/''', '''/ou/''', '''/au/''', '''/eu/'''. The singular triphthong is '''/eia/''', but many dialects also have '''/oua/''' (MSSLA interprets that as '''/ouχa/'''). Many other diphthongs can exist (like '''/oi/''') but these can only exist in words and not from the result of a word plus an affix. An epenthetic '''/χ/''' is inserted to prevent vowel hiatus at the edges of words/affixes.
+==== Vowel hiatus ====
+Vowel hiatus in Alhi is prevented by the insertion of /χ/ between the vowels. The prevention of vowel hiatus occurs when an suffix that begins with a vowel tries to attach onto a word that ends in a vowel, these word-suffix vowel sequences aren't allowed in Alhi phonology and must have a /χ/ inserted between them. (This also applies to prefixes that end in a vowel and if the prefixed word begins in a vowel). Vowel hiatus can also occur in compounds when vowels touch, but this is dialectal.
+== Orthography ==
+Alhi has had its own writing system called ''Oulaj'' for many centuries, and it is the most used writing system in Alloti, and has continuous usage in the joint colony of [[Ojanka and Bassau|Ojanka (Bassau)]]. Oulaj is an alphabet with a total of 24 letters, 6 being vowel glyphs, and 18 being consonant glyphs. There are also basic punctuation marks for quotations and parentheses, commas, and periods. There are also 10 number glyphs for 0-9.
+The basic font, natively known as ''Alhiremlor'' 'Clean Alhi' is installed on all computers in Alloti by default.
+=== Table of letters ===
+{| class="wikitable"
+|+All letters in Alhi
+!Glyph
+!Letter name
+!IPA
+!Rom
+|-
+!'''{{Alhi|i}}'''
+|ilu
+|i, j
+|i, y
+|-
+!'''{{Alhi|m}}'''
+|mei
+| colspan="2" |m
+|-
+!'''{{Alhi|p}}'''
+|pei
+| colspan="2" |p
+|-
+!'''{{Alhi|b}}'''
+|bou
+| colspan="2" |b
+|-
+!'''{{Alhi|f}}'''
+|fei
+| colspan="2" |f
+|-
+!'''{{Alhi|v}}'''
+|vou
+|v, ʋ
+|v, w
+|-
+!'''{{Alhi|e}}'''
+|ecu
+| colspan="2" |e
+|-
+!'''{{Alhi|n}}'''
+|nei
+| colspan="2" |n
+|-
+!'''{{Alhi|t}}'''
+|tei
+| colspan="2" |t
+|-
+!'''{{Alhi|d}}'''
+|dou
+| colspan="2" |d
+|-
+!'''{{Alhi|s}}'''
+|sei
+| colspan="2" |s
+|-
+!'''{{Alhi|z}}'''
+|zou
+| colspan="2" |z
+|-
+!'''{{Alhi|a}}'''
+|amu
+| colspan="2" |a
+|-
+!'''{{Alhi|r}}'''
+|rei
+| colspan="2" |r
+|-
+!'''{{Alhi|l}}'''
+|lei
+| colspan="2" |l
+|-
+!'''{{Alhi|u}}'''
+|usul
+| colspan="2" |u
+|-
+!'''{{Alhi|c}}'''
+|cei
+| colspan="2" |c
+|-
+!'''{{Alhi|k}}'''
+|kei
+| colspan="2" |k
+|-
+!'''{{Alhi|g}}'''
+|gou
+| colspan="2" |g
+|-
+!'''{{Alhi|j}}'''
+|jou
+|ɟ
+|j
+|-
+!'''{{Alhi|h}}'''
+|hei
+|χ
+|h
+|-
+!'''{{Alhi|o}}'''
+|oka
+| colspan="2" |o
+|-
+!'''{{Alhi|L}}'''
+|ļei
+|ɬ
+|ļ, lh, ll
+|-
+!'''{{Alhi|y}}'''
+|ıja
+|ɨ
+|ı
+|}