Pataxea - Revision history

Photosynthesis bisectors at 16:45, 11 April 2025

2025-04-11T16:45:21Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:45, 11 April 2025
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	== Writing system ==		== Writing system ==

			=== Branchscript ===

	== Lexicon ==		== Lexicon ==

	== Influences on other languages ==		== Influences on other languages ==

Photosynthesis bisectors: /* Synthetic verbs */

2025-04-08T14:41:24Z

Synthetic verbs

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:41, 8 April 2025
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	* passive: used when the subject of the clause is the verb's patient.		* passive: used when the subject of the clause is the verb's patient.
	* reciprocal: used when both participants take the role of agent and patient in respect to each other.		* reciprocal: used when both participants take the role of agent and patient in respect to each other.
			There is also a category unique to Pataxea and Azkali, called ''version''. Version is semantically diverse and can either add abstract meaning to a verb stem or provide additional information to the verb, including causality, accompaniment, and so on. Azkali's version system is much fuller than Pataxea's version system.

	Verbs have three grammatical persons, the first, second, and third. The third person is subdivided into the masculine, feminine, and neutral. There is no distinction made between grammatical number.Pataxea verbal morphology is in general substantially less complicated than Azkali verbal morphology: unlike in Azkali, in which all verbs can conjugate for the full spectrum of tense, mood, persons, etc, only a very small subset of Pataxea verbs can. The verbs that can conjugate like this are called ''synthetic verbs'', while the rest are called ''periphrastic'' (''verbs''). The only synthetic Pataxea verbs are '''is''' (to be), '''ia''' (to have), '''ahha''' (to do), '''eiexe''' (to have), '''reas''' (to run), and '''ea''' (to give). In Pataxea, the sentence ''Kre saxanerel sarieak'' translates to "I ate with him". This can be broken down into:		Verbs have three grammatical persons, the first, second, and third. The third person is subdivided into the masculine, feminine, and neutral. There is no distinction made between grammatical number.Pataxea verbal morphology is in general substantially less complicated than Azkali verbal morphology: unlike in Azkali, in which all verbs can conjugate for the full spectrum of tense, mood, persons, etc, only a very small subset of Pataxea verbs can. The verbs that can conjugate like this are called ''synthetic verbs'', while the rest are called ''periphrastic'' (''verbs''). The only synthetic Pataxea verbs are '''is''' (to be), '''ia''' (to have), '''ahha''' (to do), '''eiexe''' (to have), '''reas''' (to run), and '''ea''' (to give). In Pataxea, the sentence ''Kre saxanerel sarieak'' translates to "I ate with him". This can be broken down into:
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	==== Synthetic verbs ====		==== Synthetic verbs ====
	Synthetic verbs represent the most complicated portion of Pataxea morphology. As stated previously, synthetic verbs conjugate for tense, mood, voice, person, and "version", unlike periphrastic verbs. There are only six synthetic verbs: '''is''' (to be), '''ia''' (to have), '''ahha''' (to do), '''eiexe''' (to have), '''reas''' (to run), and '''ea''' (to give).		Synthetic verbs represent the most complicated portion of Pataxea morphology. As stated previously, synthetic verbs conjugate for tense, mood, voice, person, and version, unlike periphrastic verbs. There are only six synthetic verbs: '''is''' (to be), '''ia''' (to have), '''ahha''' (to do), '''eiexe''' (to have), '''reas''' (to run), and '''ea''' (to give).

	== Writing system ==		== Writing system ==

Photosynthesis bisectors: /* Synthetic verbs */

2025-04-07T18:08:00Z

Synthetic verbs

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:08, 7 April 2025
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	==== Synthetic verbs ====		==== Synthetic verbs ====
	Synthetic verbs represent the most complicated portion of Pataxea morphology. ~~Synthetic~~ verbs conjugate for		Synthetic verbs represent the most complicated portion of Pataxea morphology. As stated previously, synthetic verbs conjugate for tense, mood, voice, person, and "version", unlike periphrastic verbs. There are only six synthetic verbs: '''is''' (to be), '''ia''' (to have), '''ahha''' (to do), '''eiexe''' (to have), '''reas''' (to run), and '''ea''' (to give).

	== Writing system ==		== Writing system ==

Photosynthesis bisectors: /* Synthetic verbs */

2025-04-07T16:54:02Z

Synthetic verbs

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:54, 7 April 2025
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	==== Synthetic verbs ====		==== Synthetic verbs ====
			Synthetic verbs represent the most complicated portion of Pataxea morphology. Synthetic verbs conjugate for

	== Writing system ==		== Writing system ==

Photosynthesis bisectors: /* Overview */

2025-04-07T16:49:50Z

Overview

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:49, 7 April 2025
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	* eventive: verbs that depict an action, with a definite beginning and end.		* eventive: verbs that depict an action, with a definite beginning and end.

	Pataxea verbs behaved differently, and indeed conjugated differently based on their aspect. Several strategies existed to switch a verb one aspect to another, most commonly by auxiliary verbs or suffixes.		Pataxea verbs behaved differently, and indeed conjugated differently based on their aspect. Several strategies existed to switch a verb one aspect to another, most commonly by auxiliary verbs or suffixes. Verbs have three moods:
	Verbs have three moods:

	* indicative: the default mood, indicating that something is a statement of fact.		* indicative: the default mood, indicating that something is a statement of fact.
	* subjunctive: used to represent various states of unreality like assumption, emotion, obligation, opinion, possibility, etc.		* subjunctive: used to represent various states of unreality like assumption, emotion, obligation, opinion, possibility, etc.
	* optative: used to indicate wish or hope.		* optative: used to indicate wish or hope.
			Verbs have four tenses:

			* non-past: used for actions not in the past; equivalent to a present tense.
			* future: used for actions that will happen in the future.
			* past: used for actions that previously occurred.
			* far-past: used for actions that previously occurred long ago, for timeless states of being, and other various uses.

	Verbs have three grammatical voices:		Verbs have three grammatical voices:

Photosynthesis bisectors: /* Overview */

2025-04-07T16:26:12Z

Overview

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	* reciprocal: used when both participants take the role of agent and patient in respect to each other.		* reciprocal: used when both participants take the role of agent and patient in respect to each other.

	Verbs have three grammatical persons, the first, second, and third. The third person is subdivided into the masculine, feminine, and neutral. There is no distinction made between grammatical number.		Verbs have three grammatical persons, the first, second, and third. The third person is subdivided into the masculine, feminine, and neutral. There is no distinction made between grammatical number.Pataxea verbal morphology is in general substantially less complicated than Azkali verbal morphology: unlike in Azkali, in which all verbs can conjugate for the full spectrum of tense, mood, persons, etc, only a very small subset of Pataxea verbs can. The verbs that can conjugate like this are called ''synthetic verbs'', while the rest are called ''periphrastic'' (''verbs''). The only synthetic Pataxea verbs are '''is''' (to be), '''ia''' (to have), '''ahha''' (to do), '''eiexe''' (to have), '''reas''' (to run), and '''ea''' (to give). In Pataxea, the sentence ''Kre saxanerel sarieak'' translates to "I ate with him". This can be broken down into:


	Pataxea verbal morphology is in general substantially less complicated than Azkali verbal morphology: unlike in Azkali, in which all verbs can conjugate for the full spectrum of tense, mood, persons, etc, only a very small subset of Pataxea verbs can. The verbs that can conjugate like this are called ''synthetic verbs'', while the rest are called ''periphrastic'' (''verbs''). The only synthetic Pataxea verbs are '''is''' (to be), '''ia''' (to have), '''ahha''' (to do), '''eiexe''' (to have), '''reas''' (to run), and '''ea''' (to give). In Pataxea, the sentence ''Kre saxanerel sarieak'' translates to "I ate with him". This can be broken down into:
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+		\|+

Photosynthesis bisectors: /* Pre-Pataxea (12,000 BCE?) */

2025-04-07T16:24:48Z

Pre-Pataxea (12,000 BCE?)

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:24, 7 April 2025
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	'''Nekealiges Pataxea,''' often shortened to '''Pataxea''' (Azkali: ''Noazkalai Patua'') and variously referred to as '''Proto-Azkali, Ancient Azkali''', and '''Archaic Azkali''', is the ancestor of the modern Azkali language, which arose in Yamahat and Azkali after diffusing there from [northern continent].		'''Nekealiges Pataxea,''' often shortened to '''Pataxea''' (Azkali: ''Noazkalai Patua'') and variously referred to as '''Proto-Azkali, Ancient Azkali''', and '''Archaic Azkali''', is the ancestor of the modern Azkali language, which arose in Yamahat and Azkali after diffusing there from [northern continent]. Pataxea is perhaps the oldest extant language

	{{Infobox:Language\|LanguageName=Pataxea\|NativeLanguage=Nekealiges Pataxea\|Speakers=~8000 L2 speakers		{{Infobox:Language\|LanguageName=Pataxea\|NativeLanguage=Nekealiges Pataxea\|Speakers=~8000 L2 speakers
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	=== Pataxea (8000-6000 BCE) ===		=== Pataxea (8000-6000 BCE) ===

	=== ~~Late~~ Pataxea (~~4000~~ BCE) ===		=== Merwan Pataxea (5000 BCE) ===

	=== Nokian Pataxea and evolution into Azkali (2302 BCE onwards) ===		=== Nokian Pataxea and evolution into Azkali (2302 BCE onwards) ===
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	=== Current day ===		=== Current day ===

	~~== Influence ==~~

	== Phonology ==		== Phonology ==
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	==== Overview ====		==== Overview ====
	Pataxea verbal morphology is in general substantially less complicated than Azkali verbal morphology: unlike in Azkali, in which all verbs can conjugate for the full spectrum of tense, mood, persons, etc, only a very small subset of Pataxea verbs can. The verbs that can conjugate like this are called ''synthetic verbs'', while the rest are called ''periphrastic'' (''verbs''). The only synthetic Pataxea verbs are '''is''' (to be), '''ia''' (to have), '''ahha''' (to do), '''eiexe''' (to have), '''reas''' (to run), and '''ea''' (to give). In Pataxea, the sentence ''Kre ~~saxanereal~~ sarieak'' translates to "I ate with him". This can be broken down into:		The most basic categorization for Pataxea verbs is the ''aspect''. Contrary to the name, Pataxea aspect actually represents a form of lexical aspect, of which there are three:

			* stative: verbs that depict a state of being, with an indefinite or absent beginning or end.
			* active: verbs that depict an action, with a definite beginning but an indefinite end.
			* eventive: verbs that depict an action, with a definite beginning and end.

			Pataxea verbs behaved differently, and indeed conjugated differently based on their aspect. Several strategies existed to switch a verb one aspect to another, most commonly by auxiliary verbs or suffixes.
			Verbs have three moods:

			* indicative: the default mood, indicating that something is a statement of fact.
			* subjunctive: used to represent various states of unreality like assumption, emotion, obligation, opinion, possibility, etc.
			* optative: used to indicate wish or hope.

			Verbs have three grammatical voices:

			* active: used when the subject of the clause is the verb's agent.
			* passive: used when the subject of the clause is the verb's patient.
			* reciprocal: used when both participants take the role of agent and patient in respect to each other.

			Verbs have three grammatical persons, the first, second, and third. The third person is subdivided into the masculine, feminine, and neutral. There is no distinction made between grammatical number.


			Pataxea verbal morphology is in general substantially less complicated than Azkali verbal morphology: unlike in Azkali, in which all verbs can conjugate for the full spectrum of tense, mood, persons, etc, only a very small subset of Pataxea verbs can. The verbs that can conjugate like this are called ''synthetic verbs'', while the rest are called ''periphrastic'' (''verbs''). The only synthetic Pataxea verbs are '''is''' (to be), '''ia''' (to have), '''ahha''' (to do), '''eiexe''' (to have), '''reas''' (to run), and '''ea''' (to give). In Pataxea, the sentence ''Kre saxanerel sarieak'' translates to "I ate with him". This can be broken down into:
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+		\|+
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	! rowspan="3" \|		! rowspan="3" \|
	!saxan		!saxan
	!~~ereal~~		!erel
	! rowspan="3" \|		! rowspan="3" \|
	!sa		!sa
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	!Present		!Present
	continuative		continuative
	\|		\|(periphrastic non-past ''participle'')
			+ synthetic non-past tense +
	\|		\|
	\|		\|

Photosynthesis bisectors: /* Periphrastic verbs */

2025-04-04T20:35:13Z

Periphrastic verbs

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:35, 4 April 2025
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	\| -a		\| -a
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan="3" \|Participle		! rowspan="4" \|Participle
	!Far past		!Far-past
	\| -xs		\| -xs
	\| -eaxs		\| -eaxs
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	\| -erel		\| -erel
	\|-		\|-
	!~~Nonpast~~		!Non-past
	\| -sa		\| -sa
	\| -esa		\| -esa
			\|-
			!Future
			\| -rek
			\| -erek
	\|}		\|}
	It can be seen in this example that periphrastic verbs take tense marking when placed in the participle, and while ungrammatical, it is technically possible to parse a sentence without a synthetic auxiliary verb. These suffixes are also occasionally used in the creation of nouns: for example, the Pataxea word ''titakaina'', meaning author, is derived from ''tita'', to read, and the agentive suffix -na.		It can be seen in this example that periphrastic verbs take tense marking when placed in the participle, and while ungrammatical, it is technically possible to parse a sentence without a synthetic auxiliary verb. These suffixes are also occasionally used in the creation of nouns: for example, the Pataxea word ''titakaina'', meaning author, is derived from ''tita'', to read, and the agentive suffix -na.
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	!Notes		!Notes
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan="3" \|-xi		! rowspan="4" \|-xi
	!Far past		!Far-past
	\| -xas		\| -xas
	\| -exas		\| -exas
	\| rowspan="3" \|''-xi'' is used for most, but not all, verbs of a		\| rowspan="4" \|''-xi'' is used for most, but not all, verbs of a
	stative (i.e describing states of being, such as		stative (i.e describing states of being, such as

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	\| -exel		\| -exel
	\|-		\|-
	!~~Nonpast~~		!Non-past
	\| -xi		\| -xi
	\| -exi		\| -exi
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan="3" \|-bi		!Future
	!Far past		\| -xik
			\| -exik
			\|-
			! rowspan="4" \|-bi
			!Far-past
	\| -bas		\| -bas
	\| -ebas		\| -ebas
	\| rowspan="3" \| -''bi'' is used for many obligatory verbal actions,		\| rowspan="4" \| -''bi'' is used for many obligatory verbal actions,
	which includes working, eating, drinking, etc.		which includes working, eating, drinking, etc.

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	\| -ebel		\| -ebel
	\|-		\|-
	!~~Nonpast~~		!Non-past
	\| -bi		\| -bi
	\| -ebi		\| -ebi
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan="3" \|-~~bol~~		!Future
	!Far past		\| -bik
			\| -ebik
			\|-
			! rowspan="4" \|-bal
			!Far-past
	\| -bez		\| -bez
	\| -ebez		\| -ebez
	\| rowspan="3" \| -''bol'' is used for some verbs of a eventive (i.e		\| rowspan="4" \| -''bol'' is used for some verbs of a eventive (i.e
	describing short, single events) lexical aspects.		describing short, single events) lexical aspects.

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	\| -ebel		\| -ebel
	\|-		\|-
	!~~Nonpast~~		!Non-past
	\| -~~bol~~		\| -bal
	\| -~~ebol~~		\| -ebal
			\|-
			!Future
			\| -bak
			\| -ebak
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan="3" \|-bes		! rowspan="3" \|-bes

Photosynthesis bisectors: /* Compound verb constructions */

2025-04-04T18:30:49Z

Compound verb constructions

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:30, 4 April 2025
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	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	!		!Gnomic
	\|		\|(periphrastic non-past ''participle'')
			+ far past of ''is'' (be)
	\|		\|
			* ''chixrua nasis'' 'I am cold'
			* ''tachixi nasis'' 'I read'
			* ''naikebi nasis'' 'I work'
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	!		!Present
			continuative
	\|		\|
	\|		\|

Photosynthesis bisectors: /* Compound verb constructions */

2025-04-04T18:28:17Z

Compound verb constructions

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:28, 4 April 2025
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	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	!		!Present
	\|		habitual
			\|(periphrastic non-past ''participle'')
			+ present of ''ia'' (have)
	\|		\|
			* ''chixrua nia'' 'I am usually cold'
			* ''tachixi nia'' 'I usually read'
			* ''naikebi nia'' 'I usually work'
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-