Kjaxono language - Revision history

Photosynthesis bisectors: /* Orthography */

2025-01-12T17:06:58Z

Orthography

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:06, 12 January 2025
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	== Orthography ==		== Orthography ==
	~~Until~~ the ~~introduction of~~ .		Kjaxono uses a modified form of the Mallian alphabet called the ''malqtksa̖.''

	== Grammar ==		== Grammar ==

Photosynthesis bisectors: /* Phonology */

2024-12-07T15:50:47Z

Phonology

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:50, 7 December 2024
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	\|'''ǧ'''		\|'''ǧ'''
	/ɡɣ/		/ɡɣ/
	\|'''ǧ'''		\|'''ǧj'''
	/ɡɣʲ/		/ɡɣʲ/
	\|'''q̌x'''		\|'''q̌x'''

Photosynthesis bisectors: /* Consonants */

2024-12-07T15:49:27Z

Consonants

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:49, 7 December 2024
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	! colspan="2" \|[[W:Bilabial\|Bilabial]]		! colspan="2" \|[[W:Bilabial\|Bilabial]]
	! colspan="2" \|[[W:Alveolar\|Alveolar]]		! colspan="2" \|[[W:Alveolar\|Alveolar]]
	! rowspan="2" \|Post-alveolar		! rowspan="2" \|[[W:Postalveolar consonant\|Post-alveolar]]
	! colspan="2" \|[[W:Velar\|Velar]]		! colspan="2" \|[[W:Velar\|Velar]]
	! rowspan="2" \|[[W:Uvular\|Uvular]]		! rowspan="2" \|[[W:Uvular\|Uvular]]
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	\|'''sj'''		\|'''sj'''
	/sʲ/		/sʲ/
	\|'''ž'''		\|'''š'''
	/ʃ/		/ʃ/
	\|'''x̌'''		\|'''x̌'''

Photosynthesis bisectors: /* Consonants */

2024-12-07T15:47:46Z

Consonants

← Older revision		Revision as of 15:47, 7 December 2024
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	! colspan="2" \|[[W:Bilabial\|Bilabial]]		! colspan="2" \|[[W:Bilabial\|Bilabial]]
	! colspan="2" \|[[W:Alveolar\|Alveolar]]		! colspan="2" \|[[W:Alveolar\|Alveolar]]
			! rowspan="2" \|Post-alveolar
	! colspan="2" \|[[W:Velar\|Velar]]		! colspan="2" \|[[W:Velar\|Velar]]
	! rowspan="2" \|[[W:Uvular\|Uvular]]		! rowspan="2" \|[[W:Uvular\|Uvular]]
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	\|'''nj'''		\|'''nj'''
	/nʲ/		/nʲ/
			\|
	\|'''ŋ'''		\|'''ŋ'''
	/ŋ/		/ŋ/
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	\|'''tj'''		\|'''tj'''
	/tʲ/		/tʲ/
			\|
	\|'''k'''		\|'''k'''
	/k/		/k/
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	\|'''t́j'''		\|'''t́j'''
	/tʲʰ/		/tʲʰ/
			\|
	\|'''ḱ'''		\|'''ḱ'''
	/kʰ/		/kʰ/
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	\|'''d'''		\|'''d'''
	/d/		/d/
			\|
	\|		\|
	\|'''g'''		\|'''g'''
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	\|'''cj'''		\|'''cj'''
	/t͡sʲ/		/t͡sʲ/
			\|'''tš'''
			/t͡ʃ/
	\|'''x'''		\|'''x'''
	/k͡x/		/k͡x/
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	\|'''żj'''		\|'''żj'''
	/d͡zʲ/		/d͡zʲ/
			\|'''dž'''
			/d͡ʒ/
	\|'''ǧ'''		\|'''ǧ'''
	/ɡɣ/		/ɡɣ/
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	\|'''sj'''		\|'''sj'''
	/sʲ/		/sʲ/
			\|'''ž'''
			/ʃ/
	\|'''x̌'''		\|'''x̌'''
	/x/		/x/
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	\|'''śj'''		\|'''śj'''
	/s̃ʲ/		/s̃ʲ/
			\|
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
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	\|'''zj'''		\|'''zj'''
	/zʲ/		/zʲ/
			\|'''ž'''
			/ʒ/
	\|		\|
	\|		\|
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	\|'''j'''		\|'''j'''
	/ʎ/		/ʎ/
			\|
	\|		\|
	\|		\|

Photosynthesis bisectors: /* Consonants */

2024-12-06T19:37:56Z

Consonants

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:37, 6 December 2024
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	=== Consonants ===		=== Consonants ===
	Kjaxono's consonant inventory of 41 phonemes is typical of other Xjedgjaŋ languages. However, compared cross-linguistically, Kjaxono's phonology is quite unusual. Even for Xjedgjaŋ languages, it features a rich series of uvular consonants		Kjaxono's consonant inventory of [however many..] phonemes is typical of other Xjedgjaŋ languages. However, compared cross-linguistically, Kjaxono's phonology is quite unusual. Even for Xjedgjaŋ languages, it features a rich series of uvular consonants
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+Consonant phonemes of Kjaxono		\|+Consonant phonemes of Kjaxono
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	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan="2" \|Plosive		! rowspan="3" \|Plosive
	!<small>[[W:Voicelessness\|voiceless]]</small>		!<small>[[W:Voicelessness\|voiceless]]</small>
	\|'''p'''		\|'''p'''
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	\|'''q'''		\|'''q'''
	/[[W:Voiceless uvular plosive\|q]]/		/[[W:Voiceless uvular plosive\|q]]/
	\| rowspan="2" \|'''<nowiki/>''''		\| rowspan="3" \|'''<nowiki/>''''
	/[[W:Glottal stop\|ʔ]]/		/[[W:Glottal stop\|ʔ]]/
			\|-
			!<small>[[W:Aspirated consonant\|aspirated]]</small>
			\|'''ṕ'''
			/pʰ/
			\|'''ṕj'''
			/pʲʰ/
			\|'''t́'''
			/tʰ/
			\|'''t́j'''
			/tʲʰ/
			\|'''ḱ'''
			/kʰ/
			\|'''ḱj'''
			/kʲʰ/
			\|'''q́'''
			/qʰ/
	\|-		\|-
	!<small>[[W:Voice (phonetics)\|voiced]]</small>		!<small>[[W:Voice (phonetics)\|voiced]]</small>
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	\|'''żj'''		\|'''żj'''
	/d͡zʲ/		/d͡zʲ/
	\|		\|'''ǧ'''
	\|		/ɡɣ/
	\|		\|'''ǧ'''
			/ɡɣʲ/
			\|'''q̌x'''
			/ɢʁ/
	\|		\|
	\|-		\|-
	! rowspan="2" \|Fricative		! rowspan="3" \|Fricative
	!<small>[[W:Voicelessness\|voiceless]]</small>		!<small>[[W:Voicelessness\|voiceless]]</small>
	\|		\|
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	\|'''h'''		\|'''h'''
	/[[W:Voiceless glottal fricative\|h]]/		/[[W:Voiceless glottal fricative\|h]]/
			\|-
			!<small>[[W:Nasalization\|nasalized]]</small>
			\|
			\|
			\|'''ś'''
			/s̃/
			\|'''śj'''
			/s̃ʲ/
			\|
			\|
			\|
			\|
	\|-		\|-
	!<small>[[W:Voice (phonetics)\|voiced]]</small>		!<small>[[W:Voice (phonetics)\|voiced]]</small>

Photosynthesis bisectors: /* Pronouns */

2024-11-27T23:19:55Z

Pronouns

← Older revision		Revision as of 23:19, 27 November 2024
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	\|}		\|}
	In Kjaxono, only pronouns are inherently given a gender. There are three genders used: ''Kjarelen'', used for Kjarelen species individuals, ''Non-kjarelen'', used for non-kjarelen species individuals, aswell as non sapient animals and animate phenomena and objects, such as rain, cities, and so on, and ''inanimate'', used for inanimate objects. Pronouns in Kjaxono are not differentiated via sex; one differentiates the sex of the noun replaced via said noun's sex being added after the pronoun. Consider the following phrase:		In Kjaxono, only pronouns are inherently given a gender. There are three genders used: ''Kjarelen'', used for Kjarelen species individuals, ''Non-kjarelen'', used for non-kjarelen species individuals, aswell as non sapient animals and animate phenomena and objects, such as rain, cities, and so on, and ''inanimate'', used for inanimate objects. Pronouns in Kjaxono are not differentiated via sex; one differentiates the sex of the noun replaced via said noun's sex being added after the pronoun. Consider the following phrase:

	* ''Kjabǒ gqunja [placeholder]'' →

	=== Nouns ===		=== Nouns ===

Photosynthesis bisectors: /* Orthography */

2024-11-27T21:29:52Z

Orthography

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:29, 27 November 2024
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	''See main article:'' ''[[Kjaxono grammar]]''		''See main article:'' ''[[Kjaxono grammar]]''

	Kjaxono is a decisively agglutinative language, with plentiful fusional and polysynthetic characteristics. Kjaxono, along with other languages of the [...] language family comprise the only example of languages with a morphosyntactic alignment of ''transitive-intransitive'' - with the ~~agent~~ of an intransitive verb being inflected for an intransitive case. This feature is one of the most notorious features of Kjaxono. Otherwise, Kjaxono nouns rather simply decline for only '''2 cases''' - ''transitive'' and ''intransitive,'' as previously stated. In addition, while not explicitely inflected, Kjaxono nouns also have '''2 numbers''' - ''singular'' and ''plural.'' Kjaxano features no grammatical gender and no adjectival agreement of any form.		Kjaxono is a decisively agglutinative language, with plentiful fusional and polysynthetic characteristics. Kjaxono, along with other languages of the [...] language family comprise the only example of languages with a morphosyntactic alignment of ''transitive-intransitive'' - with the subject of an intransitive verb being inflected for an intransitive case. This feature is one of the most notorious features of Kjaxono. Otherwise, Kjaxono nouns rather simply decline for only '''2 cases''' - ''transitive'' and ''intransitive,'' as previously stated. In addition, while not explicitely inflected, Kjaxono nouns also have '''2 numbers''' - ''singular'' and ''plural.'' Kjaxano features no grammatical gender and no adjectival agreement of any form.

	In contrast, verbs are by far the most inflecting part of speech in Kjaxono. In some cases, they can represent entire sentences by themselves. Kjaxono verbs are often the epicenter of linguistic research into the language, and verbs in the [[Xjedgjaŋ languages\|Xjedgjaŋ]] language family as a whole are generally one of their most known attributes in linguistics as a whole. For a overview, see '''[[Kjaxono language#Verbal system\|§6 Verbal System]]''' and [[Kjaxono verbs]].		In contrast, verbs are by far the most inflecting part of speech in Kjaxono. In some cases, they can represent entire sentences by themselves. Kjaxono verbs are often the epicenter of linguistic research into the language, and verbs in the [[Xjedgjaŋ languages\|Xjedgjaŋ]] language family as a whole are generally one of their most known attributes in linguistics as a whole. For a overview, see '''[[Kjaxono language#Verbal system\|§6 Verbal System]]''' and [[Kjaxono verbs]].

Photosynthesis bisectors: /* Vowels */

2024-11-27T20:22:24Z

Vowels

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 === Vowels ===
 {| class="wikitable"
 ! colspan="1" rowspan="2" |
 ! colspan="2" rowspan="1" |Front
@@ Line 190: / Line 191: @@
 |'''ǒ'''
 /o:/
 |}

Photosynthesis bisectors: /* Verbal system */

2024-10-25T17:10:14Z

Verbal system

← Older revision		Revision as of 17:10, 25 October 2024
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	Kjaxono is a decisively agglutinative language, with plentiful fusional and polysynthetic characteristics. Kjaxono, along with other languages of the [...] language family comprise the only example of languages with a morphosyntactic alignment of ''transitive-intransitive'' - with the agent of an intransitive verb being inflected for an intransitive case. This feature is one of the most notorious features of Kjaxono. Otherwise, Kjaxono nouns rather simply decline for only '''2 cases''' - ''transitive'' and ''intransitive,'' as previously stated. In addition, while not explicitely inflected, Kjaxono nouns also have '''2 numbers''' - ''singular'' and ''plural.'' Kjaxano features no grammatical gender and no adjectival agreement of any form.		Kjaxono is a decisively agglutinative language, with plentiful fusional and polysynthetic characteristics. Kjaxono, along with other languages of the [...] language family comprise the only example of languages with a morphosyntactic alignment of ''transitive-intransitive'' - with the agent of an intransitive verb being inflected for an intransitive case. This feature is one of the most notorious features of Kjaxono. Otherwise, Kjaxono nouns rather simply decline for only '''2 cases''' - ''transitive'' and ''intransitive,'' as previously stated. In addition, while not explicitely inflected, Kjaxono nouns also have '''2 numbers''' - ''singular'' and ''plural.'' Kjaxano features no grammatical gender and no adjectival agreement of any form.

	In contrast, verbs are by far the most inflecting part of speech in Kjaxono. In some cases, they can represent entire sentences by themselves. Kjaxono verbs are often the epicenter of linguistic research into the language, and verbs in the [~~...~~] language family as a whole are generally one of their most known attributes in linguistics as a whole. For a overview, see '''[[Kjaxono language#Verbal system\|§6 Verbal System]]''' and [[Kjaxono verbs]].		In contrast, verbs are by far the most inflecting part of speech in Kjaxono. In some cases, they can represent entire sentences by themselves. Kjaxono verbs are often the epicenter of linguistic research into the language, and verbs in the [[Xjedgjaŋ languages\|Xjedgjaŋ]] language family as a whole are generally one of their most known attributes in linguistics as a whole. For a overview, see '''[[Kjaxono language#Verbal system\|§6 Verbal System]]''' and [[Kjaxono verbs]].

	=== Pronouns ===		=== Pronouns ===
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	Verbs are the most complex part of speech in Kjaxono. It is by far the most difficult aspect of Kjaxono for new speakers of the language to learn, due its system-wide irregularity and general difficulty. Oftentimes, conjugation can encode all of the information needed to parse a sentence.		Verbs are the most complex part of speech in Kjaxono. It is by far the most difficult aspect of Kjaxono for new speakers of the language to learn, due its system-wide irregularity and general difficulty. Oftentimes, conjugation can encode all of the information needed to parse a sentence.

	The verbal system of Kjaxono comprises two main paradigms, which differ based on the transivity and volition of the verb in question. The two paradigms are traditionally called the ''Objective paradigm'' (for transitive verbs, and verbs with positive volition - i.e meaning the action was intended) and the ''Nonobjective paradigm'' (for intransitive verbs, and verbs with negative volition - i.e meaning the action was not intended). Kjaxono verbs rely on agglutinative affixes and ~~stem~~ apophony in both paradigms.		The verbal system of Kjaxono comprises two main paradigms, which differ based on the transivity and volition of the verb in question. The two paradigms are traditionally called the ''Objective paradigm'' (for transitive verbs, and verbs with positive volition - i.e meaning the action was intended) and the ''Nonobjective paradigm'' (for intransitive verbs, and verbs with negative volition - i.e meaning the action was not intended). Kjaxono verbs rely on agglutinative affixes and apophony in both paradigms.

	== Syntax ==		== Syntax ==

Photosynthesis bisectors: /* Nouns */

2024-10-24T19:40:11Z

Nouns

← Older revision		Revision as of 19:40, 24 October 2024
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	== Orthography ==		== Orthography ==
	~~Kjaxono is primarily written in two scripts:~~ the ~~Mallian script and the indigenous ''Qadaigj[[Xjetjeŋ\|ŋ]]'' script~~.		Until the introduction of .

	== Grammar ==		== Grammar ==
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	=== Nouns ===		=== Nouns ===
	As stated previously, Kjaxono nouns inflect for two cases, and 2 numbers. The '''transitive case''' is unmarked, and marks the subject of a transitive verb. The '''intransitive case''' is marked by the suffix ''-(ie)b''. The intransitive case marks the subject ~~and~~ of an intransitive verb. The intransitive cases sometimes takes slightly different marking based on the final phonemes of the noun it is attached to. Generally, if the noun ends with 2 or less consonants, only -b is attached; otherwise, -ieb is attached.		As stated previously, Kjaxono nouns inflect for two cases, and 2 numbers. The '''transitive case''' is unmarked, and marks the subject of a transitive verb. The '''intransitive case''' is marked by the suffix ''-(ie)b''. The intransitive case marks the subject of an intransitive verb. The intransitive cases sometimes takes slightly different marking based on the final phonemes of the noun it is attached to. Generally, if the noun ends with 2 or less consonants, only -b is attached; otherwise, -ieb is attached.

	==== Case ====		==== Case ====
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	==== Articles ====		==== Articles ====
	There are four articles that are used in Kjaxono. They are suffixes that are attached onto the noun directly. Kjaxono has two types of article - the definite and indefinite - which change form slightly based on their plurality or lack of plurality. The articles are notably different from how plurality is marked on nouns. Articles do not ~~changed~~ based on the ending of the nouns of which they mark, occasionally leading to consonant clusters of three to even four consonants.		There are four articles that are used in Kjaxono. They are suffixes that are attached onto the noun directly. Kjaxono has two types of article - the definite and indefinite - which change form slightly based on their plurality or lack of plurality. The articles are notably different from how plurality is marked on nouns. Articles do not change based on the ending of the nouns of which they mark, occasionally leading to consonant clusters of three to even four consonants.
	{\| class="wikitable"		{\| class="wikitable"
	\|+Kjaxono articles		\|+Kjaxono articles